Being lean: how to shape digital transformation in the manufacturing sector

PurposeIndustry 4.0 and Lean Production are a successful match in terms of performance improvement. While we understand the combined potential, there is still poor understanding of how companies should embrace digital transformation to make it successful and sustainable, and the role that lean plays in it. In this paper, we investigate how manufacturing companies embark upon digital transformation and how being lean might affect it.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted multiple case studies with 19 manufacturing companies. We identified two clusters of companies according to their Lean maturity, and we assessed digital transformation patterns by analyzing insights coming both from cases and from the literature. Integrating cross-case analysis results, we developed a framework that shows two different digital transformation patterns according to companies’ commitment to Lean.FindingsOur findings first and foremost show the significant role of lean in driving digital transformation. We identify two patterns, namely Sustaining digital transformation pattern, characterized by the pervasive role of lean culture with small and horizontal digital changes, involvement of people and willingness to maintain continuous process improvement, and Disruptive digital transformation pattern, characterized by few and large digital steps that imply a disruptive and radical change in the company system.Practical implicationsEmpirical evidence supports the relevance of the proposed model and its practical usefulness. It can be used to design digital transformation, prepare properly the introduction of Industry 4.0 through a lean approach, and plan the future desired state, identifying the Industry 4.0 technologies that should be implemented.Originality/valueIt is widely recognized that the relationship between Industry 4.0 and lean is significant and positive, yet little evidence was presented to back that. We aim at bringing this debate forward by providing initial empirical evidence of the significant role that lean has on digital transformation, showing how lean drives the digital transformation pattern of companies.

Structural Transformation in South Asia: Does the Pattern Ensure Growth Momentum?

We model the evolution and determinants of shares of agriculture, manufacturing and services to gross domestic product for four South Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan) for 41 years (1974–2018) to understand their structural transformation pattern. Determinants of shares were classified into three broad categories: ‘country fundamentals’, ‘policy’ and ‘decadal dummies’. This is the first article to investigate the empirical regularities of the structural transformation pattern and their determinants for this region. The generalized least squares estimation technique for panel data was applied. We find mixed evidence in support of structural transformation. With the increase in per capita income, the share of agriculture decreases and that of services increases, partially supporting the Kuznets hypothesis; however, the share of manufacturing sector shows a more tepid rise and even decreases in some model specifications. Thus, the Kuznets model of structural transformation is supported to some extent, but not strongly for these countries. JEL: C22, C23, F63, O11

Kontestasi Identitas dalam Pengobatan ala Nabi; Kajian Fenomenologi atas Munculnya Jam’iyah Ruqyah Aswaja

Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang fenomena persaingan antar komunitas ruqyah di Kabupaten Kebumen hususnya, pasca munculnya Jam’iyah Ruqyah Aswaja yang telah menyatakan afiliasi dengan Jam’iyah Nahdlatul Ulama. Penulis melihat ada motif-motif lain selain dakwah dan pengobatan, seperti motif ekonomi dan persaingan komunitas muslim. Telah diketahui sebelumnya bahwa ruqyah syar’iyah cenderung pada ideologi salafi, sehingga Jam’iyah Ruqyah Aswaja sebagai langkah untuk mengcounter merebaknya ruqyah syar’iyah yang secara ideologi berbeda dengan kebanyakan umat muslim di Indonesia dan hususnya di Kebumen. Terdapat tiga komunitas yang ambil bagian dalam persaingan ini, yaitu Jam’iyah Ruqyah Aswaja (JRA), Komunitas Ruqyah Kebumen (KRK) yang secara ideologi berafiliasi pada salafi dan sempalan dari Komunitas Ruqyah Kebumen. Untuk melihat hal itu, penulis mencoba menggali data dengan cara observasi dan mengumpulkan buku-buku panduan ruqyah. Selain fenomena persaingan, tulisan ini juga melihat pola transformasi ruqyah dari segi hermeneutis dan performatifnya.[This paper examines the phenomenon of competition between ruqyah communities in the Kebumen Regency, particularly after the emergence of Jam'iyah Ruqyah Aswaja, which has declared affiliation with Jam'iyah Nahdlatul Ulama. The author sees other motives besides preaching and healing, such as economic motives and Muslim community competition. It has been known before that ruqyah shariah tends to a Salafi ideology, so Jam'iyah Ruqyah Aswaja is a step to counter the spread of ruqyah Syariah is ideologically different from most Muslims in Indonesia and especially in Kebumen. Three communities took part in this competition: Jam'iyah Ruqyah Aswaja (JRA), Ruqyah Kebumen Community (KRK) which is ideologically affiliated with Salafis and a splinter from the Ruqyah Kebumen Community. To see this, the writer tries to dig up the data through observation and collect ruqyah guidebooks. Apart from the competition phenomenon, this paper also looks at the transformation pattern of the ruqyah from a hermeneutical and performative perspective.]

TRANSFORMASI GEOMETRI MOTIF KAIN BATIK SURYA MAJAPAHIT DAN SISIK GRINGSING KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO

The batik cloth motif in Mojokerto Regency has several unique patterns, especially geometric patterns. Among the batik motifs in Mojokerto district that have geometric motifs are the majapahit sun and gringsing scales. For this reason, a study was conducted to formulate a problem, namely how the pattern of transformation in each type of batik cloth, namely Surya Majapahit and Sisik Gringsing batik, and the form of new motifs formed from a combination of previous motifs. This aims to determine the form of transformation of each motif and produce variations of new motifs. This research method includes field shape analysis, geometric transformation pattern analysis and simulation of making batik cloth motifs using the Geogebra Classic 5 application. The results obtained are to determine and combine the transformation patterns in the Surya Majapahit and Gringsing scales motifs resulting in a new variation of motifs, namely solar - gringsing. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it was concluded that the number of transformation patterns in the Surya Majapahit motif, namely 3 transformation patterns to form the main motive field and the combination of the transformation patterns possessed by Surya Majapahit and Sisik Gringsing's motifs produced new motifs.

Transformation Pattern Of Community Organization (Ormas) Into Group Violence in Jakarta

Community organizations (Organisasi Kemasyarakatan (Ormas)) in Jakarta are often involved in violence, such as conflict among them. The current study is a qualitative approach study with literature review and in-depth interviews as it is data collecting. Interviews were conducted at four organizations as a representative of the community organizations in Jakarta. They are Forum Betawi Rempug (FBR), Pemuda Pancasila, FORKABI, and Kembang Latar. Within the context of analysis, concepts such as sub-culture and conflict theory will be put to use. The result shows that community organizations transform into groups violence caused by three factors, which are group interests, disruption of group identity, and disruption of social organization

Artificial Intelligence Perspective on Healthcare

Progress in computational sciences for cleaning, sorting, combining, digging, visualizing and managing data along with technological advancements in medical devices have urged needs for further extensive and consistent approaches to discuss the common key issues in medicine and health. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly obtained grounds in everyday living in the era of information technology, and it has now landed in healthcare. AI studies’ in healthcare are evolving swiftly. However, it could only be the start of observing how it will influence patient care. AI tries to simulate human cognitive capacities. It is carrying a transformation pattern to healthcare, strengthened by the escalating availability of clinical data and sped up advancement in analytics systems. Nonetheless, there is a similar doubt, including some pressing warnings at these elevated anticipations. This review examines the present state of AI applications in health, major developments in health AI, and the disparate consequences of health AI and offers some directions for institutions and caregivers utilizing AI techniques.