The Situation of Situation Research: Knowns and Unknowns

Over the past 15 years, research on the assessment of psychological situations has flourished. As a result, many basic questions about psychological situations have been answered. We discuss the theoretical and empirical studies that answered these questions, including what situations are; how they can be characterized, taxonomized, and measured; how they relate to person variables; and how persons navigate situations. We first summarize the “knowns” of psychological situation research and then proceed to chart the “unknowns” that have yet to be examined. We conclude with an agenda for future situation research.

Motivated behavior in intimate relationships: Comparing the predictive value of motivational variables

Motivational variables are considered fundamental factors influencing the occurrence of behavior. The current study compared different types of motivational variables (implicit and explicit motive dispositions, motivation as states and as aggregated person-level variables) in their ability to predict communal and agentic behavior reports in intimate relationships. 510 individuals completed measures of dispositional communion and agency motives and participated in a dyadic experience sampling study with five assessments per day across four weeks. They reported on their momentary communal and agentic motivation, as well as on their own and their partner’s behaviors. All examined types of motivational variables predicted certain behavior reports on the between-person or within-person level and had incremental effects beyond the other motivational variables in at least one motive domain. Directly replicating and conceptually extending prior research, the effects of motivational states and their aggregates were consistently found across behavioral outcomes, across self- and partner-reports and across the motive domains of communion and agency. Using the example of motivational states, the general value of assessing within-person variables for psychological phenomena in ESM-designs is discussed.

Making a choice when information is missing: The case of medical versus consumer choices

This paper reports an experimental investigation of decision-making under uncertainty. Today, patients are encouraged to participate, or even decide for themselves what kind of care and treatment they should get; they are now in the position of a consumer that chooses what he believes is best. However, choosing a specific treatment rather than another has more important consequences in one's life than choosing a brand of yogurt rather than another. We wanted to see if people choose according to the available information, or not. Using a within-person design, we asked if there are any differences in the way people make medical choices, as compared to non-medical, neutral choices. Latency was also measured for the 21 choices each participant had to make. Additionally, we investigated moral purity, and gender – as between-person variables, to see if they play a role in decision-making under uncertainty. We analyzed the data with hierarchical linear modelling, where a series of choices (level 1) were nested within individuals (level 2). Results showed that people relied on the available information more often for medical choices than for non-medical, neutral choices. The less time spent, the higher the probability of relying on the available information. Also, while moral purity was not a significant predictor of decision-making, gender seems to be a moderator: men tend to rely more than women on the known information, in the case of medical choices, while in the case of non-medical choices, the differences between men and women are insignificant.

Pengaruh Person Job Fit dan Budaya Kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Karyawan Kantor Rektorat Universitas Islam Kalimantan (Uniska) Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari Banjarmasin

This research assign samples are 50% of the population of 70 people or a sample of 35 respondents on Rectorat Office Islamic of Kalimantan University Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari Banjarmasin. Methods of Data collection in the researchers used is observation, questionnaire, and documentation. Each indicator made questionnaire respectively of 3 statement. Job Fit Person variables are 8 indicator to the questionnaire as many as 24 statement, Work Culture questionnaire contained 13 indicators with a total of 39 statements, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior as many as eight indicators with a questionnaire with 24 statements. Overall there are 87 statement questionnaire. Furthermore, linear regression analysis partial and simultaneous with Statistical Programe Social Sciencies (SPSS) software version 19.0. The result found that Person job fit is not significant and does not affect to Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Further work culture significantly influence to Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and as well as simultaneously Person job fit and work culture significantly influence to Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Keyword : Person Job Fit, Work Culture, Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Reluctance to Report Reality in Troubled Technology Projects

The situation of IT project leaders’ reluctance to engage in “reality reporting” is examined within a classic organizational behavior framework: the influence of person vs. situational factors on worker behavior. We review the MIS literature to establish that this project reporting problem has been substantiated and creates problems for organizations. Then we detail the foundation underlying Mischel’s classic argument regarding the type of situations in which person variables tend to be influential, and we extend a useful conceptual framework for IT managers. Viewing this reporting behavior through the lens provided by Mischel leads to recommendations on how managers can make status reporting in troubled IT projects a stronger situation to influence reality reporting behaviors by project leaders.