scholarly journals Making a choice when information is missing: The case of medical versus consumer choices

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Decision Making Under Uncertainty ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modelling ◽  
Linear Modelling ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Person Variables

This paper reports an experimental investigation of decision-making under uncertainty. Today, patients are encouraged to participate, or even decide for themselves what kind of care and treatment they should get; they are now in the position of a consumer that chooses what he believes is best. However, choosing a specific treatment rather than another has more important consequences in one's life than choosing a brand of yogurt rather than another. We wanted to see if people choose according to the available information, or not. Using a within-person design, we asked if there are any differences in the way people make medical choices, as compared to non-medical, neutral choices. Latency was also measured for the 21 choices each participant had to make. Additionally, we investigated moral purity, and gender – as between-person variables, to see if they play a role in decision-making under uncertainty. We analyzed the data with hierarchical linear modelling, where a series of choices (level 1) were nested within individuals (level 2). Results showed that people relied on the available information more often for medical choices than for non-medical, neutral choices. The less time spent, the higher the probability of relying on the available information. Also, while moral purity was not a significant predictor of decision-making, gender seems to be a moderator: men tend to rely more than women on the known information, in the case of medical choices, while in the case of non-medical choices, the differences between men and women are insignificant.

Individual and Combined Evaluation of Specific Inflammatory Biomarkers along with Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, and Platelet Counts in Predicting Poststroke Disability Severity Among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Pampanga, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S103-S103
Author(s):  
E R Marcadejas ◽  
M P Lagman ◽  
A S Mendoza ◽  
R E Marzan ◽  
A Z Manongdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level 2

Abstract Introduction/Objective Numerous studies considered Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) as inflammatory biomarkers in assessing the functional outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) Patients. Presumably, no other study has evaluated all three markers in varying levels of combinations. The study aims to evaluate the predictive potential of specific CBC parameters (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, and Platelets), their individual ratios (NLR, PLR, and MPV), and their combinations (NLR-PLR, NLR- MPV, PLR-MPV, and PLR-NLR-MPV). Methods/Case Report This retrospective study involved 52 AIS patients from a hospital in Pampanga, Philippines, at least 18 years of age, have no pre-existing conditions and prior treatments/medications. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, medical history, age, and gender were gathered. Specific CBC parameters upon admission were analyzed to derive individual ratios. The combined biomarkers, categorized into Levels 2, 1, and 0, indicate high values for all biomarkers involved, high values for any of the biomarkers (one or two high value/s for PLR-NLR-MPV), and no high values for any of the biomarkers, respectively. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Results showed that elevated NLR (OR=14.5; p=0.021) and MPV (OR=24.1; p=0.047) are risk factors in developing evident poststroke disability (mRS 2-5) and mortality (mRS 6), respectively. Furthermore, level 2 NLR-MPV (OR=77.0; p=0.040) and PLR-MPV (OR=105; p=0.027) are risk factors on mortality. Level 2 PLR-NLR (OR=15.0; p=0.021) and level 1 NLR-MPV (OR=13.5; p=0.024) are risk factors in developing evident poststroke disability. Lastly, levels 1 (OR=13.5; p=0.024) and 2 (OR=77.0; p=0.040) PLR-NLR-MPV are risk factors in developing evident poststroke disability and mortality, respectively. Conclusion Patients with neutrophilia, elevated NLR, level 2 PLR-NLR, and level 1 NLR-MPV and PLR-NLR-MPV are more likely to develop evident poststroke disability; while patients with elevated MPV and Level 2 NLR-MPV, PLR- MPV, and PLR-NLR-MPV pose higher mortality risk. Greater sample size is recommended for studies with the same purpose to advance research for better AIS outcomes.

scholarly journals Principles of shared decision-making within teams

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1631-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Jacobs ◽  
Gil Wernovsky ◽  
David S. Cooper ◽  
Tom R. Karl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

AbstractIn the domain of paediatric and congenital cardiac care, the stakes are huge. Likewise, the care of these children assembles a group of “A+ personality” individuals from the domains of cardiac surgery, cardiology, anaesthesiology, critical care, and nursing. This results in an environment that has opportunity for both powerful collaboration and powerful conflict. Providers of healthcare should avoid conflict when it has no bearing on outcome, as it is clearly a squandering of individual and collective political capital.Outcomes after cardiac surgery are now being reported transparently and publicly. In the present era of transparency, one may wonder how to balance the following potentially competing demands: quality healthcare, transparency and accountability, and teamwork and shared decision-making.An understanding of transparency and public reporting in the domain of paediatric cardiac surgery facilitates the implementation of a strategy for teamwork and shared decision-making. In January, 2015, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) began to publicly report outcomes of paediatric and congenital cardiac surgery using the 2014 Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (STS-CHSD) Mortality Risk Model. The 2014 STS-CHSD Mortality Risk Model facilitates description of Operative Mortality adjusted for procedural and patient-level factors.The need for transparency in reporting of outcomes can create pressure on healthcare providers to implement strategies of teamwork and shared decision-making to assure outstanding results. A simple strategy of shared decision-making was described by Tom Karl and was implemented in multiple domains by Jeff Jacobs and David Cooper. In a critical-care environment, it is not unusual for healthcare providers to disagree about strategies of management of patients. When two healthcare providers disagree, each provider can classify the disagreement into three levels:• SDM Level 1 Decision: “We disagree but it really does not matter, so do whatever you desire!”• SDM Level 2 Decision: “We disagree and I believe it matters, but I am OK if you do whatever you desire!!”• SDM Level 3 Decision: “We disagree and I must insist (diplomatically and politely) that we follow the strategy that I am proposing!!!!!!”SDM Level 1 Decisions and SDM Level 2 Decisions typically do not create stress on the team, especially when there is mutual purpose and respect among the members of the team. SDM Level 3 Decisions are the real challenge. Periodically, the healthcare team is faced with such Level 3 Decisions, and teamwork and shared decision-making may be challenged. Teamwork is a learned behaviour, and mentorship is critical to achieve a properly balanced approach. If we agree to leave our egos at the door, then, in the final analysis, the team will benefit and we will set the stage for optimal patient care. In the environment of strong disagreement, true teamwork and shared decision-making are critical to preserve the unity and strength of the multi-disciplinary team and simultaneously provide excellent healthcare.

Consumer action in response to ethical violations by service operations firms

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Chipulu ◽  
Udechukwu Ojiako ◽  
Alasdair Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Service Operations ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modelling ◽  
Consumer Action ◽  
Ethical Violations ◽  
Linear Modelling ◽  
And Gender

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine whether individual demographic and socio-cultural factors affect actions taken by consumers in relation to ethical violations and failure (or perceived ethical violations and failure) by service operations firms. Design/methodology/approach – Data collection was undertaken over a two-year period, from 2011 to 2013, and involved sampling 3,155 respondents from 19 countries. Data analysis was undertaken utilizing hierarchical linear modelling (HLM). Findings – Findings suggest that although both individual demographic factors (age and gender) and societal differences do affect ethical actions taken by service consumers, inter-societal cluster variations have a more significant effect on the ethical action than individual demographic differences do. Originality/value – For service operations firms, the study findings offer evidence on the need for constant readjustment of service attributes in line with the ethical dispositions of the different demographic and socio-cultural clusters within the consumer base.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Relevansi Nilai Informasi Hierarki Nilai Wajar

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 3012-3028
Author(s):  
Desni Ramadhani ◽  
Nurzi Sebrina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Value Hierarchy ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Level 2

The purpose of this research is to examine the relevance of fair value hierarchy information and the effect of institutional ownership on the relevance of fair value hierarchy information. This research is a causal associative research with a quantitative approach. Research conducted on banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange period 2015-2018, which were determined by purposive sampling method so that 37 companies were selected as samples. The hypotheses were tests using multiple regression. The results indicate that the fair value level 2 is more relevant than the level 1 and 3, this research proves that the fair value level 2 is relevant for decision making of investor. In subsequent tests, institutional ownership does not have a positive effect on the relevance of fair value level 1, level 2 and level 3.

scholarly journals LEVEL BERPIKIR GEOMETRI MENURUT TEORI VAN HIELE BERDASARKAN KEMAMPUAN GEOMETRI DAN PERBEDAAN GENDER SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 8 PAREPARE

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Aditya Dwiwansyah Musa
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Van Hiele ◽  
Van Hiele Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level 2

The study aimed at describing the level in thinking geometry according to Van Hiele theory based on geometry ability and gender differences. The subjects of the study were 4 people consisted of a male student with high geometry ability (LT), a female student with high geometry ability (PT), a male student with low geometry ability (LR), and a female student with low geometry ability (PR). The instrument of the study was the researcher herself as the main instrument assisted by test of geometry ability, test of Van Hiele, and guided interview which was valid and reliable. Data were collected by conducting test and test-based interview. The subject of the study grade VII students consisted of 4 people. The process of the study was conducted in several steps, namely (a) formulating the indicator of the level in thinking geometry according to Van Hiele theory based on the relevant theory and research, (b) formulating the supporting instrument (test of geometry ability, test of Van Hiele geometry, and guided interview) which was valid and reliable, (c) deciding the research subjects by providing test of geometry ability, (d) obtaining the data to reveal the level in thinking geometry of students on the characteristics of tetragon, (e) conducting time triangulation to obtain valid data, (f) conducting data analysis of the level in thinking geometry of students according to Van Hiele theory based on the geometry ability and gender differences, (g) conducting the discussion of the result of analysis, and (h) conducting conclusion drawing of the result of the study. The result of the study revealed that (1) the subject of LT was in level 2 of pre-ordering (unmaximized level 2), the subject had lack of understanding the correlation among planes in making the definition, (2) the subject of PT was in level 2 of pre-ordering (unmaximized level 2), the subject had lack of understanding the correlation among planes in making the definition, (3) the subject of LR was in level 1 of analysis, the subject could determine the characteristics of a plane; where as (4) the subject of PR was in level 1 of analysis, subject could determine the characteristics of a plane.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERILAKU ORANG TUA DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN DENGAN DERAJAT DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER PADA ANAK DI RUMAH SAKIT BHAKTI RAHAYU SURABAYA

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesiana Heris Santy ◽  
Amiriah Arminah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

The decision making which is not done promptly and correctly can result in death because the incidence rate of DHF increases 5% each year. The purpose of this study was to study the correlation between the parents’ behavior in making decision and the severity level of DHF in children at RS BRS. The method was analytical done by using a retrospective approach. The population involved all parents whose children suffering from DHF at RS BRS, totally 30 respondents in which 28  respondents were taken as the samples by using simple random sampling technique. The independent variable was the the parents’ behavior in  making decision, whereas the dependent variable was the severity level of DHF.  The data were taken by using questionnaires and analyzed by uisng Mann-Whitney test in which a = 0.05. The results showed that among 13 respondents who have made decisions promptly, almost entirely (84.6%) had DHF at level 1. While 15 respondents who took the decision late, nearly all (40%) had DHF at level 2. After Mann-Whitney test, the research obtained r = 0.005 and = 0.05, meaning that r <a, so that H0 was rejected, showing that there was a correlation between the parents’ behavior and decision-making with the severity level of DHF at RSBRS. It concluded that the late decision-making resulting in the increase of severity level of DHF. Therefore, the parents are expected to make decisions quickly when the children has a fever to medically detect the disease  immediately and the children immediately receive the appropriate actions

scholarly journals Perbedaan Gender pada Kejadian Sindrom Metabolik pada Penduduk Perkotaan di Indonesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Krisnawaty Bantas ◽  
Hari Koesnanto Yoseph ◽  
Budi Moelyono
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Main Independent Variable ◽  
Fiber Consumption ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level 2

Sindrom Metabolik (SM) merupakan faktor risiko penting penyakit kardiovaskuler yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia. Perbedaan gender pada SM berkontribusi terhadap perbedaan gender pada penyakit kardiovaskuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi dan risiko SM berdasarkan gender di perkotaan Indonesia menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2007 dan menggunakan rancangan penelitian potong lintang. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari 13.262 orang pria dan wanita yang tidak hamil berusia lebih dari 15 tahun yang bermukim di daerah perkotaan. Variabel penelitian meliputi variabel dependen sindrom metabolik. Variabel independen utama adalah gender dan variabel kovariat yang lain adalah level 1 (umur, statusperkawinan, pendidikan, stres, merokok, dan aktivitas fisik), level 2 (pendapatan keluarga, konsumsi energi rumah tangga, konsumsi protein rumah tangga, konsumsi serat rumah tangga, anggota rumah tangga, dan balita dalam rumah tangga), dan level 3 (provinsi, status urban, dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM)). Analisis dilakukan dengan multilevel regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa prevalensi SM adalah 17,5 %, prevalensi pada wanita (21,3%) lebih tinggi daripada pria (12,9%). Risiko sindrom metabolikberdasarkan gender bergantung pada status umur, pendidikan, dan perkawinan dari individu. Variasi kejadian SM berdasarkan pendapatan keluarga kecil (nilai MOR 1,21) dan variasi kejadian SM berdasarkan provinsi juga kecil (nilai MOR1,18).Kata kunci: analisis multilevel, gender, sindrom metabolikAbstractMetabolic Syndrome (MS) is an important factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). One of the main causes of death in Indonesia is CVD. Gender differences in MS may contribute the gender differences in CVD. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and MS risk by gender in the urban population of Indonesia using Riskesdas 2007 data and cross-sectional design study. Population of study consisted of 13,262 men and non pregnant women over 15 years old lived in urban area. Variables included in this study are MS as the dependentvariable and gender as the main independent variable. The covariate variables consisted of: level 1 variables (age, marital status, education, stress, smoking, and physical activity), level 2 (family outcome, household energy consumption, protein consumption, fiber consumption, members, and toddler under5 years), level 3 (province, urban status, and human development index). Multilevel logistic regression used in data analysis. Result showed that prevalence of MS was 17,5%, on women (21.3%) was higher than men (12.9%). The risk of MS by gender was depent on age, educational level, and marital status of individual. The variation of MS occurrence among the family incomes was small (MOR 1.21), and the variation of MS occurrence among the provinces was also small (MOR 1.18).Keywords: multilevel analysis, gender, metabolic syndrome

scholarly journals Level Berpikir Geometri Menurut Teori Van Hiele Berdasarkan Kemampuan Geometri dan Perbedaan Gender Siswa Kelas VII SMPN 8 Pare-Pare

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Aditya Dwiwansyah Musa
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Van Hiele ◽  
Van Hiele Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level 2

The study aimed at describing the level in thinking geometry according to Van Hiele theory based on geometry ability and gender differences. The subjects of the study were 4 people consisted of a male student with high geometry ability (LT), a female student with high geometry ability (PT), a male student with low geometry ability (LR), and a female student with low geometry ability (PR). The instrument of the study was the researcher herself as the main instrument assisted by test of geometry ability, test of Van Hiele, and guided interview which was valid and reliable. Data were collected by conducting test and test-based interview. The subject of the study grade VII students consisted of 4 people. The process of the study was conducted in several steps, namely (a) formulating the indicator of the level in thinking geometry according to Van Hiele theory based on the relevant theory and research, (b) formulating the supporting instrument (test of geometry ability, test of Van Hiele geometry, and guided interview) which was valid and reliable, (c) deciding the research subjects by providing test of geometry ability, (d) obtaining the data to reveal the level in thinking geometry of students on the characteristics of tetragon, (e) conducting time triangulation to obtain valid data, (f) conducting data analysis of the level in thinking geometry of students according to Van Hiele theory based on the geometry ability and gender differences, (g) conducting the discussion of the result of analysis, and (h) conducting conclusion drawing of the result of the study. The result of the study revealed that (1) the subject of LT was in level 2 of pre-ordering (unmaximized level 2), the subject had lack of understanding the correlation among planes in making the definition, (2) the subject of PT was in level 2 of pre-ordering (unmaximized level 2), the subject had lack of understanding the correlation among planes in making the definition, (3) the subject of LR was in level 1 of analysis, the subject could determine the characteristics of a plane; where as (4) the subject of PR was in level 1 of analysis, subject could determine the characteristics of a plane.

scholarly journals Mapping Risk to Land Subsidence: Developing a Two-Level Modeling Strategy by Combining Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2622
Author(s):  
Ata Allah Nadiri ◽  
Marjan Moazamnia ◽  
Sina Sadeghfam ◽  
Rahim Barzegar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Modeling Strategy ◽  
Level 2

Groundwater over-abstraction may cause land subsidence (LS), and the LS mapping suffers the subjectivity associated with expert judgment. The paper seeks to reduce the subjectivity associated with the hazard, vulnerability, and risk mapping by formulating an inclusive multiple modeling (IMM), which combines two common approaches of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) at Level 1 and artificial intelligence (AI) at Level 2. Fuzzy catastrophe scheme (FCS) is used as MCDM, and support vector machine (SVM) is employed as AI. The developed methodology is applied in Iran’s Tasuj plain, which has experienced groundwater depletion. The result highlights hotspots within the study area in terms of hazard, vulnerability, and risk. According to the receiver operating characteristic and the area under curve (AUC), significant signals are identified at both levels; however, IMM increases the modeling performance from Level 1 to Level 2, as a result of its multiple modeling capabilities. In addition, the AUC values indicate that LS in the study area is caused by intrinsic vulnerability rather than man-made hazards. Still, the hazard plays the triggering role in the risk realization.

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