Investigation of breaks of the «Sparking» type of brass‑plated wire for metal cord and high‑pressure hoses and the causes of their formation

The article examines the breaks of thin brass‑plated wire for metal cord and high‑pressure hoses of the “sparking” type and the causes of their formation. The wire was manufactured in OJSC “BSW” – he Management Company of the Holding” BMC “ in the conditions of steel‑wire workshops. The appearance and microstructure of breaks of thin brassplated wire of the “sparking” type are investigated. As a result of the analysis of the appearance and microstructure of the breaks, it was assumed that surface defects are formed on the brass‑plated wire – billet during the welding connection in the jaws of the welding machine during annealing. To confi m this, experiments were carried out with the implementation of welded joints of brass – plated wire‑blanks in wet drawing areas, the appearance and microstructure of the obtained samples of welded joints were studied.As a result of experiments and metallographic studies, the assumption was confirmed that local defects such as “cauterization from sparking” on the surface of the workpiece wire are formed during welding during the annealing operation, it was established that the cause is a violation of contact between the wire and the pressure jaws of the welding machine, wear of the pressure jaws. Photos of the defect, a description of its appearance and microstructure are given.Based on the obtained studies, a number of measures were carried out aimed at eliminating the causes of this defect.

Manipulation of Pt-Ni Tetrahexahedral Nanoframes Using a Gaseous Etching Method

ABSTRACTNanosized Platinum (Pt) nanocrystals (NCs) have been extensively investigated in catalytic fields because of their high reactivity due to the unique electron structure. However, the rarity and the high cost of Pt limit its applications in industry. To reduce the usage of Pt in catalytic industry, research interests have been extended to Pt-based nanoalloys. Among various nanostructures, nanoframes (NFs) showed promising catalytic performance even with a lower metallic loading dose. Herein, we report a facile and robust method to transfer the Pt-Ni tetrahexahedral (THH) NCs into THH NFs in which carbon monoxide (CO) plays a role of the “etching reagent”. The driving force of the etching is a formation of gaseous metallic complex, Ni(CO)4, known as Mond Process, preferentially dealloying nickel atoms along <100> directions of the Pt-Ni THH NCs. It is determined that the resultant Pt-Ni THH NFs possess an open, stable and high-index preserved nanostructure, in which the outside atomic layers are composed of only Pt atoms with surface strains. Compared to a solution-based etching process, this approach requires less etching time and generates a well-defined structure. The associated thermal annealing operation also releases extra internal stress, making the NFs more stable with fewer surface defects. Such Pt-Ni THH NFs show interesting potentials in the improvement of stability and activity as advanced catalysts.

An Improved Cuckoo Search Optimization Algorithm for the Problem of Chaotic Systems Parameter Estimation

This paper proposes an improved cuckoo search (ICS) algorithm to establish the parameters of chaotic systems. In order to improve the optimization capability of the basic cuckoo search (CS) algorithm, the orthogonal design and simulated annealing operation are incorporated in the CS algorithm to enhance the exploitation search ability. Then the proposed algorithm is used to establish parameters of the Lorenz chaotic system and Chen chaotic system under the noiseless and noise condition, respectively. The numerical results demonstrate that the algorithm can estimate parameters with high accuracy and reliability. Finally, the results are compared with the CS algorithm, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the compared results demonstrate the method is energy-efficient and superior.

Forecasting Nonlinear Chaotic Time Series with Function Expression Method Based on an Improved Genetic-Simulated Annealing Algorithm

The paper proposes a novel function expression method to forecast chaotic time series, using an improved genetic-simulated annealing (IGSA) algorithm to establish the optimum function expression that describes the behavior of time series. In order to deal with the weakness associated with the genetic algorithm, the proposed algorithm incorporates the simulated annealing operation which has the strong local search ability into the genetic algorithm to enhance the performance of optimization; besides, the fitness function and genetic operators are also improved. Finally, the method is applied to the chaotic time series of Quadratic and Rossler maps for validation. The effect of noise in the chaotic time series is also studied numerically. The numerical results verify that the method can forecast chaotic time series with high precision and effectiveness, and the forecasting precision with certain noise is also satisfactory. It can be concluded that the IGSA algorithm is energy-efficient and superior.

An integrated batch annealing furnace simulator

An integrated batch annealing furnace simulator with the capability of predicting spatial and temporal evolution of temperature, microstructure and mechanical properties of the coils during the batch annealing operation has been developed. The prediction capability of this integrated simulator has been extensively validated with data collected from several industrial batch annealing operations. In this article, the problems in controlling a batch annealing operation via conventional temperature based control strategy has been highlighted. These problems can be effectively resolved by using the integrated simulator. Furthermore, the utility of this simulator has been illustrated by a case study on optimization of coil dimensions for maximization of furnace productivity.

J&L TYPES 347 and 348

Type 347 (UNS S34700) and type 348 (UNS S34800) are austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steels containing columbium and tantalum. These grades are recommended where it is preferred to omit the annealing operation after welding. They are also recommended for service at temperatures between 425 and 900 deg C (800 and 1650 deg F). Type 348 is used in applications that require a restricted tantalum content such as those encountered in radioactive service. These types are essentially non-magnetic when annealed and become slightly magnetic when cold worked. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming and heat treating. Filing Code: SS-898. Producer or source: J & L Specialty Steel Inc.