$2$-Neighbour-Transitive Codes with Small Blocks of Imprimitivity

A code $C$ in the Hamming graph $\varGamma=H(m,q)$ is $2$-neighbour-transitive if ${\rm Aut}(C)$ acts transitively on each of $C=C_0$, $C_1$ and $C_2$, the first three parts of the distance partition of $V\varGamma$ with respect to $C$. Previous classifications of families of $2$-neighbour-transitive codes leave only those with an affine action on the alphabet to be investigated. Here, $2$-neighbour-transitive codes with minimum distance at least $5$ and that contain ``small'' subcodes as blocks of imprimitivity are classified. When considering codes with minimum distance at least $5$, completely transitive codes are a proper subclass of $2$-neighbour-transitive codes. This leads, as a corollary of the main result, to a solution of a problem posed by Giudici in 1998 on completely transitive codes.

On local rigidity of partially hyperbolic affine ℤk actions

The following dichotomy for affine \mathbb{Z}^{k} actions on the torus {\mathbb{T}}^{d}, k,d\in{\mathbb{N}}, is shown to hold: (i) The linear part of the action has no rank-one factors, and then the affine action is locally rigid. (ii) The linear part of the action has a rank-one factor, and then the affine action is locally rigid in a probabilistic sense if and only if the rank-one factors are trivial. Local rigidity in a probabilistic sense means that rigidity holds for a set of full measure of translation vectors in the rank-one factors.

Scale Transformations in Metric-Affine Geometry

This article presents an exhaustive classification of metric-affine theories according to their scale symmetries. First it is clarified that there are three relevant definitions of a scale transformation. These correspond to a projective transformation of the connection, a rescaling of the orthonormal frame, and a combination of the two. The most general second order quadratic metric-affine action, including the parity-violating terms, is constructed in each of the three cases. The results can be straightforwardly generalised by including higher derivatives, and implemented in the general metric-affine, teleparallel, and symmetric teleparallel geometries.

Non-Riemannian generalizations of the Born–Infeld model and the meaning of the cosmological term

Theory of gravitation based on a non-Riemannian geometry with dynamical torsion field is geometrically analyzed. To this end, the simplest Lagrangian density is introduced as a measure (reminiscent of a sigma model) and the dynamical equations are derived. Our goal is to rewrite this generalized affine action in a suitable form similar to the standard Born–Infeld (BI) Lagrangian. As soon as the functional action is rewritten in the BI form, the dynamical equations lead the trace-free GR-type equation and the field equations for the torsion, respectively: both equations emerge from the model in a sharp contrast with other attempts where additional assumptions were heuristically introduced. In this theoretical context, the Einstein [Formula: see text], Newton [Formula: see text] and the analog to the absolute [Formula: see text]-field into the standard BI theory all arise from the same geometry through geometrical invariant quantities (as from the curvature [Formula: see text]). They can be clearly identified and correctly interpreted both physical and geometrically. Interesting theoretical and physical aspects of the proposed theory are given as clear examples that show the viability of this approach to explain several problems of actual interest. Some of them are the dynamo effect and geometrical origin of [Formula: see text] term, origin of primordial magnetic fields and the role of the torsion in the actual symmetry of the standard model. The relation with gauge theories, conserved currents, and other problems of astrophysical character is discussed with some detail.

A combination theorem for affine tree-free groups

Let [Formula: see text] be an ordered abelian group. We show how a group admitting a free affine action without inversions on a [Formula: see text]-tree admits a natural graph of groups decomposition, where vertex groups inherit actions on [Formula: see text]-trees. We introduce a stronger condition (essential freeness) on an affine action and apply recent work of various authors to deduce that a finitely generated group admitting an essentially free affine action on a [Formula: see text]-tree is relatively hyperbolic with nilpotent parabolics, is locally relatively quasiconvex, and has solvable word, conjugacy and isomorphism problems. Conversely, given a graph of groups satisfying certain conditions, we show how an affine action of its fundamental group can be constructed. Specialising to the case of free affine actions, we obtain a large class of groups that have a free affine action on a [Formula: see text]-tree but that do not act freely by isometries on any [Formula: see text]-tree. We also give an example of a group that admits a free isometric action on a [Formula: see text]-tree but which is not residually nilpotent.

AFFINE ACTIONS ON NON-ARCHIMEDEAN TREES

We initiate the study of affine actions of groups on Λ-trees for a general ordered abelian group Λ; these are actions by dilations rather than isometries. This gives a common generalization of isometric action on a Λ-tree, and affine action on an ℝ-tree as studied by Liousse. The duality between based length functions and actions on Λ-trees is generalized to this setting. We are led to consider a new class of groups: those that admit a free affine action on a Λ-tree for some Λ. Examples of such groups are presented, including soluble Baumslag–Solitar groups and the discrete Heisenberg group.

INTERPRETING GROUPS AND FIELDS IN SOME NONELEMENTARY CLASSES

This paper is concerned with extensions of geometric stability theory to some nonelementary classes. We prove the following theorem: Theorem. Let [Formula: see text] be a large homogeneous model of a stable diagram D. Let p, q ∈ SD(A), where p is quasiminimal and q unbounded. Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Suppose that there exists an integer n < ω such that [Formula: see text] for any independent a1, …, an ∈ P and finite subset C ⊆ Q, but [Formula: see text] for some independent a1, …, an, an+1 ∈ P and some finite subset C ⊆ Q. Then [Formula: see text] interprets a group G which acts on the geometry P′ obtained from P. Furthermore, either [Formula: see text] interprets a non-classical group, or n = 1,2,3 and •If n = 1 then G is abelian and acts regularly on P′. •If n = 2 the action of G on P′ is isomorphic to the affine action of K ⋊ K* on the algebraically closed field K. •If n = 3 the action of G on P′ is isomorphic to the action of PGL2(K) on the projective line ℙ1(K) of the algebraically closed field K. We prove a similar result for excellent classes.

A COUNTEREXAMPLE TO LIPSMAN'S CONJECTURE

We consider the affine action of a nilpotent Lie group on ℝn. Lipsman (1995) conjectured that such an action is proper in the sense of Palais if and only if the action is (CI) in the sense of Kobayashi. The present paper gives a counterexample to Lipsman's conjecture for n ≥ 5.