The case for prioritizing implementation strategy fidelity measurement: benefits and challenges

Implementation strategies are systematic approaches to improve the uptake and sustainability of evidence-based interventions. They frequently focus on changing provider behavior through the provision of interventions such as training, coaching, and audit-and-feedback. Implementation strategies often impact intermediate behavioral outcomes like provider guideline adherence, in turn improving patient outcomes. Fidelity of implementation strategy delivery is defined as the extent to which an implementation strategy is carried out as it was designed. Implementation strategy fidelity measurement is under-developed and under-reported, with the quality of reporting decreasing over time. Benefits of fidelity measurement include the exploration of the extent to which observed effects are moderated by fidelity, and critical information about Type-III research errors, or the likelihood that null findings result from implementation strategy fidelity failure. Reviews of implementation strategy efficacy often report wide variation across studies, commonly calling for increased implementation strategy fidelity measurement to help explain variations. Despite the methodological benefits of rigorous fidelity measurement, implementation researchers face multi-level challenges and complexities. Challenges include the measurement of a complex variable, multiple data collection modalities with varying precision and costs, and the need for fidelity measurement to change in-step with adaptations. In this position paper, we weigh these costs and benefits and ultimately contend that implementation strategy fidelity measurement and reporting should be improved in trials of implementation strategies. We offer pragmatic solutions for researchers to make immediate improvements like the use of mixed methods or innovative data collection and analysis techniques, the inclusion of implementation strategy fidelity assessment in reporting guidelines, and the staged development of fidelity tools across the evolution of an implementation strategy. We also call for additional research into the barriers and facilitators of implementation strategy fidelity measurement to further clarify the best path forward.

Strategi Image Repair PT HM SAMPOERNA TBK pada peristiwa ‘karyawan pabrik Surabaya positif covid-19’

The use of Image Repair Theory for companies during crisis communication is an interesting study. It is also applied when several PT HM Sampoerna Tbk factory employees are known to have died due to suffering from COVID-19. This event affected the company's image, especially the negative sentiment on the quality of the products produced due to employees affected by COVID-19. This study analyzes the image repair strategy used by PT HM Sampoerna Tbk through press releases published on the company's official website. The research objective is to analyze message options for organizations to use in times of crisis. The study uses a qualitative content analysis method by analyzing text written in press releases, then putting it into categories that have been determined in the image repair strategy. The results showed PT HM Sampoerna Tbk's inconsistency in using the Reducing Offensiveness strategy, which is often used in types of accident and/or challenge crises, including product damage situations. Excessive use of Reducing Offensiveness must be an organization's concern when conducting crisis communication, especially when the audience has a critical view of the organization. Reducing Offensiveness can be more optimally used by neutral third parties than the organization itself; however, the research results show that PT HM Sampoerna Tbk carries out all strategy delivery.

Blended learning: Deficits and prospects in higher education

This article examines the nature and evolution of the term blended learning (BL), which encompasses numerous connotations, including its conception as a strategy, delivery mode, opportunity, educational shift, or pedagogical approach. Although much has been said in this field, very few studies examine the different types of blends behind their implementation. To address this gap in the literature, the article indicates types of blends and analyses the characteristics of BL, its benefits and limitations, supported by a review of literature, and an analysis of a sample of BL cases in higher education language-teaching worldwide. Additional data were also gathered through a questionnaire administered to language department chairs. Data were triangulated and analysed using the grounded theory approach. The article closes with an examination of different levels of blending, the various perspectives within the educational community on its use, and a discussion of its future applicability, especially in higher education.