All works of this article were conducted to investigate chemical composition and insecticidal and antimicrobial properties of Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation of its aerial parts. Analysis of the essential oils on the basis of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/FID and GC/MS) revealed the presence of 82 organic volatiles representing 98.63% of the total constituents of Eucalyptus globulus and the presence of 45 organic volatiles representing 98.53% of the total constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis. The major compounds for Eucalyptus globulus were estragole (28.14%), terpinolene (7.12%), 1,4-hexadiene-5-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene) (7.01%), linalool (5.54%) and furfural (4.66%) and for Rosmarinus officinalis were (-)-camphor (31.16%) and β-caryophyllene (18.55%), 3,4-dimethyl-(Z,Z)-2,4-Hexadiene (9.08%), α-fenchene (4.67%), cis-verbenone (4.33%) and Bornyl acetate (3.4%). The efficacy of the two essential oils was evaluated on the insect pests Sitophilus granarius of wheat and was remarkable with lethal doses of 50% tending towards 1 μL·cm–3. The broth microdilution method as a complementary test was conducted to test the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, further for the two oils of shows promising activity against all strains.