Attitude of women and their husbands regarding prenatal invasive testing attending genetic clinic at a tertiary referral center, India

Introduction: Prenatal Invasive Tests (amniocentesis and chorionic villous sampling) are used during pregnancy for detection of genetic anomalies. Due to the fear of fetal loss or various other reasons, the couples who seek to avail these tests areusually in dilemma though the chances of fetal loss following the invasive tests are very minimal. Objectives: To assess the attitude ofhigh-risk pregnantwomen and their husbands regarding the prenatal invasive tests who are referred to the genetic clinic of a tertiary referral center in India. Methodology: A descriptive, cross sectionalstudy was undertaken in 60 pregnantwomen who came to genetic clinic at a tertiary referral center in Indiafor counseling on the prenatal invasive testing. Conveniencesampling technique was used. Data was collected using a self-developed, validated semi structured questionnaire. There were total 14 items in the questionnaire where the response “Yes” was given score 3, “Uncertain/did not think about it” was given score 2 and “No” was given score 1. Maximum score was 42 and minimum was 14. The subjects were contacted by the principal investigator after the counseling for test was done by the trained counselor. The questionnaire was also administered separately to 49 accompanying husbands to assess their attitude regarding the tests. Mean, percentage, standard deviation, range and Pearson’s correlation were calculated.SPSS 16.0 version was used for data analysis. Results: Almost half of the women reported that they had adequate information regarding the test following counselling. Both the women and their husbands had unfavorable attitude towards the tests i.e. 21.98 ± 5.44 and 22.27 ± 5.11 respectively despite adequate information following counselling. The main reasons for declining the tests were fear of identification of birth defects, fear of termination of pregnancy and influence by other family membersother than their husbands. There was a significant positive correlation between the attitude of women and their husbands towards declining the prenatal invasive tests (r=0.973) at p<0.05. Conclusion: The pregnant women as well as their husbands had unfavorable attitudes towards prenatal invasive tests despite adequate information following counsellingsuggesting congruency indecision makingregarding the invasive tests.

EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF THE POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM IN MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING IN UKRAINE

Ukraine is a country that has lacked access to adequately trained mental health professionals. As in other countries the development of the field of Counseling in Ukraine has some parallels to that of the US. One of the most notable parallels is the push for a better and more effective approach to mental health, driven by the impact of war, with WWII being the catalyst for refinement in the US and current war in Ukraine as the drive there. As the American Psychology Association and American Counseling Association have highlighted, the effects of trauma and unresolved problems do not need to last a lifetime. A developing initiative in Ukraine was brought by U.S.-based teams that established a postgraduate Counselor Education Program. Professional American Counselor Educators, trained in the trenches of wars abroad and representing vast ranges of experience, have volunteered their time as visiting faculty and distance supervisors. This study measures the initial progression of treatment symptomology of clients seen by Postgraduate Program in Psychological Counseling and Trauma Therapy trained Counselors. This study utilized an analysis of repeated measures over the first five sessions of counseling with the program-trained Counselor. The following measurement methods were utilized: Outcome Rating Scale (ORS), Impact Event Scale (IES-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II), PTSD Checklist (PCL-5), Symptom Checklist (SCL-9). The resulting data obtained from the clients was compared to the outcomes of treatment with similarly trained therapists in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Denmark. Results indicated overall significance as measured on 3 out of 5 instruments (ORS, BDI-II, IES-R). The data from this sample revealed similarities to the outcomes of comparable early treatment research, conducted outside of Ukraine. These results provide a preliminary overview of how effective mental health counselors (educated by the American standards) are in mitigating client mental health symptomology. This study is a logical and necessary step in the continued development of the field of Counseling in Ukraine.

KEPUASAN PETANI PLASMA KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI KEMITRAAN INTI PLASMA

The objective of this research analyzed the level of plasma farmers satisfaction on the service performance of Nucleus-Plasma’s partnership implementation by PT. Agricinal. The research was conducted in Putri Hijau District of North Bengkulu Regency. Research site is selected purposively. Data were collected at the study site from March to April 2018. Primary data obtained directly through the questionnaire which is given to oil palm farmers and secondary data were obtained from PT. Agricinal. The sampling method used in this study was Simple Random Sampling and 95 farmers selected randomly as samples. Consumer Satisfaction Index was 74.20% which revealed that smallholders are satisfied with the implementation of the Nucleus-Plasma partnership. The service attributes to be maintained are quick response service, implementation and guarantee the development of KPEN-RP (Credit for Bio-Energy Development and Plantation Revitalization), provide trained counselor, ensure farmers selling price, technical and non technical guidance, the commitment to buy output (fresh fruit bunches) during the partnership contract, making the layout plan in accordance with the company's estate, ensuring farmers got subsidy of interest of KPEN-RP’s credit. The company also must increase the attributes of partnership services namely; 1) the main priority is providing monitoring book on the implementation of partnership to the farmers as a form of transparency in the implementation of partnership contract, and 2) the less important priorities are cattle ownership, development and maintenance of the palm oil farming in accordance with technical standards, cooperatives management was representing farmers in submitting complaints to PT Agricinal, and helped farmers to find sources of another financing.

Plasma Farmers’ Satisfaction on Implementation of Nucleus-Plasma Partnership

The objective of this research analyzed the level of plasma farmers satisfaction on the service performance of Nucleus-Plasma’s partnership implementation by PT. Agricinal. The research was conducted in Putri Hijau District of North Bengkulu Regency. Research site is selected purposively. Data were collected at the study site from March to April 2018. Primary data obtained directly through the questionnaire which is given to oil palm farmers and secondary data were obtained from PT. Agricinal. The sampling method used in this study was Simple Random Sampling and 95 farmers selected randomly as samples. Consumer Satisfaction Index was 74.20% which revealed that smallholders are satisfied with the implementation of the Nucleus-Plasma partnership. The service attributes to be maintained are quick response service, implementation and guarantee the development of KPEN-RP (Credit for Bio-Energy Development and Plantation Revitalization), provide trained counselor, ensure farmers selling price, technical and non technical guidance, the commitment to buy output (fresh fruit bunches) during the partnership contract, making the layout plan in accordance with the company's estate, ensuring farmers got subsidy of interest of KPEN-RP’s credit. The company also must increase the attributes of partnership services namely; 1) the main priority is providing monitoring book on the implementation of partnership to the farmers as a form of transparency in the implementation of partnership contract, and 2) the less important priorities are cattle ownership, development and maintenance of the palm oil farming in accordance with technical standards, cooperatives management was representing farmers in submitting complaints to PT Agricinal, and helped farmers to find sources of another financing.

Aplikasi Kaunseling Individu Terhadap Murid Orang Kurang Upaya (OKU) (Pendengaran dan Pertuturan)

The objective of this study is to find out the disabilities students’ (deaf and dumb) understanding and acceptance towards counseling services. A case study qualitative approach was used using semi-structured interview. Studies carried out on eight deaf and dumb students at the special education school in the state of Kedah, Malaysia. The research sampels were given four counseling sessions by a registered trained counselor in using sign language during the counseling session. Video footage was used to analyse the process of counseling sessions and the semi-structured interviews. Results showed that the deaf and dumb student’s did not understand about counselling services when interviewed before the counseling was conducted. After going through four counseling sessions, all eight research sampels showed very positive acceptance towards the counseling services. Summary from the results shows that the deaf and dumb students positively accept counselling services when implemented using sign language.

The Advising and Counseling Continuum: Triggers for Referral

In this article, we describe a continuum of responsibilities shared by faculty and nonfaculty academic advisors as well as personal counselors at 4-year colleges and universities. After addressing terminology, we describe a continuum of issues that advisors and counselors routinely address and identify some triggers that might suggest that a referral from an advisor to a trained counselor is warranted. Relative emphasis: *practice, theory, research

Commercial Discharge Packs and Breast-Feeding Counseling: Effects on Infant-Feeding Practices in a Randomized Trial

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate two interventions for prolonging the duration of breast-feeding in a multiethnic sample of 343 low-income urban women. One intervention compared research breast-feeding bedside counseling by a trained counselor, who also made eight telephone calls during the first 3 months of the infant's life, with the routine breastfeeding counseling provided in the hospital by nurses. The other intervention compared commercial discharge packs provided by formula companies with research discharge packs designed to be consistent with the WHO Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. When infants were 4 months old, a telephone interviewer unaware of treatment status contacted 95% (324/343) of the women to determine the infants' feeding and health histories. Compared with routine counseling, research counseling delayed the first introduction of solid foods to the infant's diet (P = .03, one-tailed) but did not exert a statistically significant effect on breast-feeding by 4 months' postpartum. Women who received the research discharge pack, compared with those who received the commercial pack, were more likely to prolong exclusive breast-feeding (P = .004, one-tailed), to be partially breast-feeding at 4 months postpartum (P = .04, onetailed), and to delay the daily use of solid foods in the infant's diet (P = .017, one-tailed). Among the women who received research counseling, the research discharge pack was associated with lower rates of rehospitalization of infants than was the commercial pack (1% v 14%; P = .014, two-tailed). We conclude that in high-risk maternity populations, commercial discharge materials for breast-feeding women should be replaced by materials consistent with the WHO Code.