Inferring Unobserved Events in Systems with Shared Resources and Queues

To identify the causes of performance problems or to predict process behavior, it is essential to have correct and complete event data. This is particularly important for distributed systems with shared resources, e.g., one case can block another case competing for the same machine, leading to inter-case dependencies in performance. However, due to a variety of reasons, real-life systems often record only a subset of all events taking place. To understand and analyze the behavior and performance of processes with shared resources, we aim to reconstruct bounds for timestamps of events in a case that must have happened but were not recorded by inference over events in other cases in the system. We formulate and solve the problem by systematically introducing multi-entity concepts in event logs and process models. We introduce a partial-order based model of a multi-entity event log and a corresponding compositional model for multi-entity processes. We define PQR-systems as a special class of multi-entity processes with shared resources and queues. We then study the problem of inferring from an incomplete event log unobserved events and their timestamps that are globally consistent with a PQR-system. We solve the problem by reconstructing unobserved traces of resources and queues according to the PQR-model and derive bounds for their timestamps using a linear program. While the problem is illustrated for material handling systems like baggage handling systems in airports, the approach can be applied to other settings where recording is incomplete. The ideas have been implemented in ProM and were evaluated using both synthetic and real-life event logs.

Simulation Model for the Estimation of Energy Consumption of the Baggage Handling System in the Landside Area of the Airport

The purpose of this paper was to develop a simulation model to perform a sensitivity analysis of the energy consumption of an airport baggage handling system to a change in resource allocation strategy. This is a novel approach as this aspect has not been considered until now. This aspect, in turn is very important in terms of sustainability. The paper presents the detailed structure of the model and the data on which it operates. It is universal and can be the basis for analyzing any structure of the baggage handling system in the landside of any airport. An example analysis has shown that even up to 35% benefits can be gained by using the model. Three scenarios were analyzed in the model (dedicated check-in desks scenario, common desks scenario and mixed strategy scenario). However, the model is not limited to these strategies and any resource allocation is possible. The model is useful both for planning a new system as well as optimizing an existing system during its operation.

Prototype of New Reliable Airport Luggage Tracker System

Nowadays, the complaints of air passengers about mishandling of luggage are highly noticeable, where the number of passengers are on the increased. In this respect, several research works have been conducted using different technologies, such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile Communication (GPS), mobile applications, smart watches and QR code. However, none of them safely and effectively considers reclaiming passengers' belongings from the airport baggage handling carousel without the need for human intervention, which in turn increases the number of mishandled bags. Therefore, in this paper we propose a new Airport Luggage Tracker System (ALTS) in order to provide a reliable solution compared with the research works found in the literature. A prototype system based on the proposed design is successfully implemented and tested using Arduino UNO, RFID technology and website application (check-in and check-out at departure lounge and arrival lounge, respectively). Keywords— radio frequency identification (RFID), tracking system (TS), airport luggage tracker system (ALTS).

Smart Airport: Evaluation of Performance Standards and Technologies for a Smart Logistics Zone

Owing to the current context of Industry 4.0, the importance of smart technologies in airport systems have increased substantially. State-of-art applications for transportation planning incorporating baggage services, routing, security, and safety are an evolving domain for both practitioners and researchers dealing with aviation applications. In this context, this paper seeks to answer these questions: Which standards are aimed at a smart airport to make the transportation planning sound? Which propositions are made based on the obtained prioritized standards? This study deals with standards including Environmental Effects, Docking & Navigation, Object Detection & Protection, Communications & Integration, and Terminology using a practical decision support system based on an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy inference system (FIS). Computational results reveal that the Object Detection & Protection standard has an effect on a safe and smart system. To give an overview of this standard for a smart logistics zone (SLZ), an architecture of autonomous robot units and a baggage handling system is proposed in this study. The suggested approach analyzes the obstacle photos obtained by cameras and allows the end-user to control the calculations visually. This research could provide advice to airport planners about smart policies and improving operations.

A New Design of Sydney’s Frontport Check-in System

This paper proposed a scheme design for Sydney’s frontport check-in system, which completes check-in and baggage drop-off at Sydney’s Circular Quay, and transports the baggage to Sydney Kingsford Smith Airport by waterway, and provided a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of Sydney’s frontport check-in system. Using the process method of quality management, the frontport check-in process was divided into three sub-processes: baggage consignment, baggage packing and transportation, and airport baggage handling. The eight key elements of each sub-process such as input, output, resources, and methods, etc. were discussed, the key factors influencing the cost of baggage transportation were analyzed, and the cost control measures such as adopting economic speed, reducing fuel consumption of the main engine, improving the ship loading rate, and raising loading and unloading efficiency were proposed. At the same time, two different types of baggage transportation ships and other parameters that affect the cost such as the number of berths, ships, lifting machineries, and the yard area were analyzed and calculated through calculation cases. This scheme is a beneficial addition to the existing in-town check-in system.

Perkiraan Kebutuhan Energi dalam Operasional Under Ground Terminal untuk Smart Eco Airport

Penanganan penumpang di bandar udara selain dilakukan di terminal penumpang juga dilakukan pada sisi udara, terutama pada remote area dimana proses penanganan penumpang terdapat unnecessary movement yang berisiko terjadinya insiden seperti kebakaran bus atau tabrakan bus, ketidak-efisienan penggunaan waktu dan biaya operasional, kesalahan penjemputan dan ketidak tepatan pelayanan. Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi infrastruktur kebandarudaraan dimungkinkan untuk pengembangan under ground terminal berupa terminal dan akses bawah tanah dari terminal ke pesawat atau sebaliknya. Pengembangan teknologi mekanikal memerlukan konsumsi energi sebagai penunjang peralatan mekanikal tersebut berupa escalator atau travelator yang melalui trowongan. Akses bawah tanah ini juga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk smart baggage handling system, peralatan lain yang memerlukan energi yang terbesar adalah sistem pendingin. Total kebutuhan daya untuk sistem pendingin pada Terminal 3 saja saat ini adalah 12511.4 kW atau sekitar 12.5 MW. Dengan melakukan pendekatan kedalaman tanah yang berfungsi sebagai media pendingin dengan luasan terminal yang dianggap sama maka hasil simulasi perhitungan menunujukkan penurunan daya sebesar 37% sehingga total daya untuk pendinginan menjadi 7882.4 kW atau energi dapat ditekan sebesar 4629 kW. simulasi total daya pada under ground terminal dari semua peralatan mekanikal dan peralatan pendingin sebesar 14144,4 kW

A Hybrid Human-Data Methodology for the Conception of Operational Performance Management Systems

To excel in the overall business performance, daily processes and activities connected to produce a good or service need to be outperformed. Even though there is extensive literature on performance management and performance management systems, there is still no consensus over the conceptual model of such systems, in what is designated as Operational Performance Management Systems (OPMS). This chapter proposes a new approach to conceive feasible and desirable OPMS tools to assist managers on controlling and responding to operational needs, by combining Design Thinking (DT) and Data Analytics (DA), that provide holistic and deep business knowledge, as well as a data-driven based management. The authors conduct an empirical application through a case study within the context of a European airport’s Baggage Handling System (BHS). The case study procedure follows the proposed methodology’s stages, where the authors construct the problem space with a wide array of collected data, along with the solution exploration and refinement.