Материалы к флоре болот Тамбовской области

Тамбовская область находится в лесостепной природной зоне, которая характеризуется сравнительно низкой заболоченностью и сильным преобразованием естественных ландшафтов. В XX веке болота подверглись значительному антропогенному воздействию, что отразилось на флоре, но почти не было зафиксировано в публикациях последних трех десятилетий. Нами в 2011–2021 гг. маршрутно-ключевым методом обследовано 46 болот в 13 районах Тамбовской области, на основе полученных результатов составлен список высших растений, указано их распределение по основным типам болот (низинные, переходные, верховые) и встречаемость. На болотах Тамбовской области выявлено 158 видов сосудистых растений (108 родов и 55 семейств) и 33 вида мхов (14 родов и 9 семейств). Наиболее часто на болотах региона из сосудистых растений встречались Salix cinerea, Typha latifolia, Lysimachia vulgaris, L. thyrsiflora, Carex acuta, Betula pubescens, Calamagrostis canescens, Phragmites australis, Lycopus europaeus, из мхов – Sphagnum fallax, S. flexuosum, S. angustifolium. На болотах зафиксированы популяции 22 видов, включённых в Красную книгу Тамбовской области. БлагодарностиРабота проведена в рамках выполнения государственного задания 121051100099-5.

Soil eukaryote community shift but not composition is consistently recovered by different OTU inference methods applied to long read metabarcoding data

Long amplicon metabarcoding has opened the door for phylogenetic analysis of the largely unknown communites of microeukaryotes in soil. Here, we amplified and sequenced the ITS and LSU regions of the rDNA operon (around 1500 bp) from grassland soils using PacBio SMRT sequencing and evaluated the performance of three different methods for generation of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The field site at Kungsängen Nature Reserve has drawn frequent visitors since Linnaeus’s time, and its species rich vegetation includes the largest population of Fritillaria meleagris in Sweden. To test the effect of different OTU generation methods, we sampled soils across an abrupt moisture transition that divides the meadow community into a Carex acuta dominated plant community with low species richness in the wetter part, which is visually distinct from the mesic-dry part that has a species rich grass-dominated plant community including a high frequency of F. meleagris. We used the moisture and plant community transition as a framework to investigare how detected belowground microeukaryotic community composition was influenced by OTU generation methods. Soil communities in both moisture regimes were dominated by protists, a large fraction of which were taxonomically assigned to Ciliophora (Alveolata) while 30-40% of all reads were assigned to kingdom Fungi. Ecological patterns were consistently recovered irrespective of OTU generation method used. However, different methods strongly affect richness estimates and the taxonomic and phylogenetic resolution of the characterized community with implications for how well members of the microeukaryotic communities can be recognized in the data.

Photosynthetic parameters of a sedge-grass marsh as a big-leaf: effect of plant species composition

The study estimates the parameters of the photosynthesis–irradiance relationship (PN/I) of a sedge-grass marsh (Czech Republic, Europe), represented as an active “green” surface—a hypothetical “big-leaf”. Photosynthetic parameters of the “big-leaf” are based on in situ measurements of the leaf PN/I curves of the dominant plant species. The non-rectangular hyperbola was selected as the best model for fitting the PN/I relationships. The plant species had different parameters of this relationship. The highest light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Asat) was recorded for Glyceria maxima and Acorus calamus followed by Carex acuta and Phalaris arundinacea. The lowest Asat was recorded for Calamagrostis canescens. The parameters of the PN/I relationship were calculated also for different growth periods. The highest Asat was calculated for the spring period followed by the summer and autumn periods. The effect of the species composition of the local plant community on the photosynthetic parameters of the “big-leaf” was addressed by introducing both real (recorded) and hypothetical species compositions corresponding to “wet” and “dry” hydrological conditions. We can conclude that the species composition (or diversity) is essential for reaching a high Asat of the “big-leaf ”representing the sedge-grass marsh in different growth periods.

TO THE STUDY OF HIGHER VASCULAR PLANTS AND LICHES OF THE KARDASHYNKA SWAMP WITHIN THE NYZHNYODNIPROVSKYI NNP

Kardashynka swamp is the largest swamp not only in the Kherson region, but also in the entire steppe zone of Ukraine. According to the results of the study of the part of the Kardashynka swamp, which in 2015 became part of the Nyzhnyodniprovskyi National Nature Park and is located in the Kherson region between the villages of Kokhany of Holoprystansky and Solonets of Oleshkivsky districts, 214 species of vascular plants were recorded, which belong to 194 genera and 83 families. The leading families of flora are: Asteraceae (31 species), Cyperaceae (19), Poaceae (15), Lamiaceae (10), Fabaceae (9), Brassicaceae (8), Rosaceae (9), Caryophyllaceae (8). We have not identified the species included in the Red Book of Ukraine in the studied area. Among the regionally rare species, the growth of: Alnus glutinosa, Quercus robur, Dryopteris carthusiana, Fraxinus excelsior, Nymphaea alba, Carex lasiocarpa was observed. The basis of vegetation is compiled of: in the swamps −Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Iris pseudacorus L., Frangula alnus Mill., Typha angustifolia L., Urtica dioica L., Tephroseris palustris (L.) Rchb., Carex elata All., Carex pseudocyperus L., Hottonia palustris L. Poa bulbosa L.; in the meadows – Plantago major L., Alsine media (L.) Vill., Cerastium glutinosum Fries, Lathyrus palustris L.,; Poa bulbosa, Poa palustris L., Carex acuta L., Carex acutiformis Ehrh., Melilotus albus Medik., Trifolium arvense L., Glechoma hederacea L. Juncus effusus L., and in reservoirs - Lemna minor L., Lemna trisulca L. , Nymphaea alba L., Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm., Myriophyllum sp. Lichen biota is represented mainly by epiphytes on the bark of Salix sp. and Populus alba. On the bark of Populus alba, a typical for this area species Xanthoria parietina, Amandinea punctata, Scholiciosporum chlorococcum, Physcea adscendens, Physcia tenella are presented. Also, we note that among the priority areas for the development of nature reserves is the possibility of expanding the territories. One of such objects, which, eventually, can be included in the boundaries of NNP "Nyzhnyodniprovskyi", is the designed botanical reserve of national importance "Kardashinka swamp". The part of the territory is already included to the economic zone of NNP "Nyzhnyodniprovskyi". Key words: swamp, species, sozophytes, national nature park

The analysis of natural radionuclides activity in the soil and vegetation cover in the South of the Tyumen Region

The paper deals with the study of the radiation state of the soil and herbaceous vegetation represented by perennial grasses (Poa pratensis, Calamagrostis epigejos, Rubus saxatilis, Carex acuta, Phleum pratense) in the south of the Tyumen Region. The content and distribution of natural radionuclides in soil and herbaceous vegetation was studied in the Nizhnetavdinsky District of the Tyumen Region at the site of an underground nuclear explosion. Sampling and laboratory tests were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Soil samples were taken at the epicenter of the explosion and at the cardinal directions. Layer-by-layer sampling allowed us to study the vertical distribution of radionuclides in the soil profile. Sampling of perennial grasses was carried out at the same sampling points. Radiation studies of soil and vegetation samples were carried out on the Progress-2000 spectrometric complex. The authors have revealed specific activity of natural radionuclides (K-40, Th-232 and Ra-226) in the profile of grey forest soil in the Nizhnetavdinsky District. They have calculated effective specific activity of radionuclides in the soil. The comparative analysis of the obtained results with the data on administrative areas in the south of the Tyumen Region showed that in the soil of the Nizhnetavdinsky District specific activity of natural radionuclides is higher than in the South region in general. The specific activity of natural radionuclides in perennial grasses of the Nizhnetavdinsky District was determined, and the coefficient of accumulation of radionuclides was calculated.

Specially protected natural area «Sources of the Krymza River»: modern state and protection of (Syzransky District, Samara Region)

In the article contains information about present state of specially protected natural area, natural monument of regional significance Sources of the Krymza River (Syzransky District, Samara Region), its flora, vegetation and rare plant species. Phytocenotic diversity represented by 9 types of plant communities. Marge complex is formed by Bromopsis riparia + variiherbetum, Carex acuta + variiherbetum and Calamagrostis epigeios+ variiherbetum communities. In the upper part of the river Krymzy laid on geobotanical profile ravine in the direction from left to right slope communities are located in the profile as follows: Quercus robur-Corylus avellana-Aegopodium podagraria Tilia cordata-Corylus avellan-variiherbetum Acer platanoides-Urtica dioica Acer platanoides - Corylus avellana- Carex pilosa Quercus robur -Brachypodium pinnatum Populus tremula -Calamagrostis epigeios ; bordered the profile on both sides of the community Calamagrostis epigeios +variiherbetum. The floristic diversity of the territory is represented by 337 species of vascular plants belonging to 199 genera, 59 families and 4 department. The flora 1 species (Iris aphylla) is included in the Red Book of Russia, and 12 species - in the Red Book of Samara Region: Drymochloa sylvatica, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Laser trilobum, Maianthemum bifolium, Matteuccia struthiopteris, Athyrium filix-femina, Bromopsis benekenii, Crataegus volgensis, Epipactis helleborine, Helichrysum arenarium, Iris aphylla and Primula macrocalyx. These data show that modern state of the natural monument Sources of the Krymza River characterized by stability floral and phytocenotic indicators. Economic exploitation is here reduced to only traditional for him to collect berries locals, run cattle and fire protection.

Vegetation of Salavat town (Baschkortostan Republic). VI. Native forest vegetation

The studies of natural forest vegetation of Salavat town were made during 2008–2011. 31 relevés of forest communities within the natural boundaries of phytocenoses were done. Vegetation of Salavat town includes ruderal, grass (meadow, steppe, helophyte and water vegetation) and forest vegetation. Water, helophyte, synanthropic, natural and semi-natural grass vegetation of the town was discussed in previous articles (Golovanov et al, 2011 and others). This article is devoted to the syntaxonomy of natural forest vegetation of Salavat town. Syntaxonomy of natural forest vegetation of Salavat town includes 3 classes (Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieger in Vlieger 1937, Salicetea purpureae Moor in 1958 and Alnetea glutinosae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex. Westhoff et al., 1943), 3 orders (Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawłowski, Sokołowski et Wallisch 1928, Salicetalia purpureae Moor in 1958 and Salicetalia auritae Doing 1962), 4 alliances (Alnion incanae Pawłowski, Sokołowski et Wallisch 1928, Salicion albae Soó 1930, Salicion triandrae T. Müller et Görs 1958, Salicion cinereae T. Müller et Görs ex Passarge 1961), 4 associations (Alnetum incanae Lüdi 1921, Salici-Populetum (R. Tx. 1931 ) Meijer Drees 1936, Salicetum triandro-viminalis Lohmeyer 1952, Salicetum pentandra-cinereae Passarge 1961) and 5 variants (ass. Alnetum incanae — variant Galium aparine; ass. Salici-Populetum — variants Carex acuta, Bromopsis inermis, Carex praecox and Acer negundo). Plant communities of the class Querco-Fagetea combine the broadleaf and coniferous-deciduous mesophytic forests of the temperate zone of the western Palearctic (Ermakov, 2012). One variant Galium aparine of ass. Alnetum incanae was registered in Salavat town. This variant of the association was described from the urban areas. The presence of synanthropic species such as Acer negundo, Arctium lappa, Arctium tomentosum, Artemisia vulgaris, Chelidonium majus, Convolvulus arvensis, Galium aparine, Geum urbanum, Leonurus quinquelobatus and etc. is very typical. Plant associations represent forests with Padus avium, which are often found in the floodplain of the river Belaya on the rich short-time flooded soils. The class Salicetea purpureae includes both riverine floodplain forest and shrub communities (Yamalov et al., 2012). 2 associations (Salici-Populetum and Salicetum pentandra-cinereae) and 4 variants (Carex acuta, Bromopsis inermis, Carex praecox and Acer negundo) were distinguished. The plant communities of associations Salici-Populetum and Salicetum triandro-viminalis represent the floodplain willow-poplar forests and shrubby vegetation, which are commonly found in the Republic of Bashkortostan on the river banks and lakeshores. Typically the communities are found on the banks of the river Belaya within the town of Salavat (Khaziakhmetov et al., 1989). A distinctive feature of the communities is a presence of the North American invasive neophyte species Acer negundo. Naturalization of this species takes place on the floodplains of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The similar community was recorded in Bryansk region (Bulokhov, Kharin, 2008) and they were described as the association Aceri negundi–Salicetum albae Bulokhov et Charin 2008. Our communities are different due to the dominance of Populus nigra with insignificant role of Salix alba. Further data collection can help to describe the new unit of the ecology-floristic classification. The plant communities of the class Alnetea glutinosae combine the lowland eutrophic black alder swamps, birch swamp forests and thickets of willow shrubs on peaty soils (Ermakov, 2012). The association Salicetum pentandra-cinereae was described. The association represents of hygrophyte and mesohygrophyte communities with dominance of grey willow. These communities are found on the banks of fens and oxbows in abundant moisture conditions. They are rarely found on fen mires in Salavat town.