Examination of Vibration Energy Harvesting in an Automobile

As observed in day-to-day life, driving on a bumpy road generates vibrational energy in an automobile which is then dissipated by the shock absorbers. But lately, as we progress into the energy-depleting, energy concern awake era, energy efficiency has been a serious concern within the automobile manufacturing industry since the production within the 1900s, researchers realized that the energy dissipated in traditional hydraulic shock absorbers is merit being recovered only within the middle of 1990s. Unlike traditional suspension systems which suppress the vibrations by dissipating the vibration energy into waste heat, the regenerative suspension with energy harvesting shock absorbers can convert the traditionally wasted energy into electricity. Several different techniques followed for the energy harvesting are listed and Two main devices namely rotary and linear electromagnetic generators are analyzed for comfort and handling, body acceleration with and without a generator, and also attempts is made to enunciate the importance of energy conservation techniques in an automobile.

Examination of Vibration Energy Harvesting in an Automobile

As observed in day-to-day life, driving on a bumpy road generates vibrational energy in an automobile which is then dissipated by the shock absorbers. But lately, as we progress into the energy-depleting, energy concern awake era, energy efficiency has been a serious concern within the automobile manufacturing industry since the production within the 1900s, researchers realized that the energy dissipated in traditional hydraulic shock absorbers is merit being recovered only within the middle of 1990s. Unlike traditional suspension systems which suppress the vibrations by dissipating the vibration energy into waste heat, the regenerative suspension with energy harvesting shock absorbers can convert the traditionally wasted energy into electricity. Several different techniques followed for the energy harvesting are listed and Two main devices namely rotary and linear electromagnetic generators are analyzed for comfort and handling, body acceleration with and without a generator, and also attempts is made to enunciate the importance of energy conservation techniques in an automobile.

Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting in Ocean: A Review on Application and Hybridization

With recent advancements in technology, energy storage for gadgets and sensors has become a challenging task. Among several alternatives, the triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have been recognized as one of the most reliable methods to cure conventional battery innovation’s inadequacies. A TENG transfers mechanical energy from the surrounding environment into power. Natural energy resources can empower TENGs to create a clean and conveyed energy network, which can finally facilitate the development of different remote gadgets. In this review paper, TENGs targeting various environmental energy resources are systematically summarized. First, a brief introduction is given to the ocean waves’ principles, as well as the conventional energy harvesting devices. Next, different TENG systems are discussed in details. Furthermore, hybridization of TENGs with other energy innovations such as solar cells, electromagnetic generators, piezoelectric nanogenerators and magnetic intensity are investigated as an efficient technique to improve their performance. Advantages and disadvantages of different TENG structures are explored. A high level overview is provided on the connection of TENGs with structural health monitoring, artificial intelligence and the path forward.

Energy conversion in cometary atmospheres

Aims. We wish to investigate the energy conversion between particles and electromagnetic fields and determine the location where it occurs in the plasma environment of comets. Methods. We used a hybrid plasma model that included photoionization, and we considered two cases of the solar extreme ultraviolet flux. Other parameters corresponded to the conditions of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko at a heliocentric distance of 1.5 AU. Results. We find that a shock-like structure is formed upstream of the comet and acts as an electromagnetic generator, similar to the bow shock at Earth that slows down the solar wind. The Poynting flux transports electromagnetic energy toward the inner coma, where newly born cometary ions are accelerated. Upstream of the shock-like structure, we find local energy transfer from solar wind ions to cometary ions. We show that mass loading can be a local process with a direct transfer of energy, but also part of a dynamo system with electromagnetic generators and loads. Conclusions. The energization of cometary ions is governed by a dynamo system for weak ionization, but changes into a large conversion region with local transfer of energy directly from solar wind protons for high ionization.

Electromagnetism and Field Physics

This article examines developments in electromagnetism and field physics during the early nineteenth century, when electricity had become a fully respected area of research. It begins with a discussion of the ‘Volta’s pile’, an apparatus developed by Alessandro Volta, along with mathematical approaches to electricity and Hans-Christian Ørsted’s discovery of electromagnetism. It then reviews the work of André-Marie Ampère and the Biot–Savart law, introduced by Jean Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart; developments in electrodynamics during the period 1821–1826; and Michael Faraday’s research initiative in electromagnetism, and especially electromagnetic induction and the electrotonic state. It also looks at three important developments in electromagnetism during the 1820s: galvanometers, electromagnets, and Arago’s effect. Finally, it describes Lenz’s law, electromagnetic generators, the electromagnetic telegraph, the Faraday effect, diamagnetism, and the question of polarity as well as the role of mathematics in Faraday’s theories.

The Influence of Mass Configurations on Bandwidth in Velocity Amplified Vibrational Energy Harvesters

Vibrational energy harvesters offer an alternative to batteries for the autonomous powering of low power electronic devices, such as wireless sensors. Velocity amplified electromagnetic generators (VAEGs) utilise the velocity amplification effect in order to increase the output power and operational bandwidth of an electromagnetic generator, compared to linear resonators. This effect is achieved through sequential collisions in a system of free-moving masses. The velocity amplification achieved is controlled by the number of masses or degrees-of-freedom (dofs) and the mass ratio between them. An experimental investigation into the influence of mass ratio and number of dofs on the operational bandwidth of a VAEG at low frequencies (< 30 Hz) is presented herein. VAEG systems with 2-, 3- and 4-dofs are analysed for mass ratios in the range of 3:1 to 20:1 under sinusoidal forced excitation. It is shown that 3- and 4-dof configurations offer broader bandwidths than 2-dof configurations, particularly at higher mass ratios. At lower mass ratios, the bandwidths of the 3- and 4-dof configurations decrease, while the bandwidth of the 2-dof configuration increases. At a mass ratio of 3:1, the bandwidth of the 2-dof configuration approaches that of the 3- and 4-dof configurations. The highest half-power bandwidth of 9.3 Hz was achieved by the 3-dof mass ratio 20:1 system, at an acceleration of 1 g. The total voltage harvested over the frequency range 7–30 Hz is at a maximum at a mass ratio of 5:1 for the 3- and 4-dof configurations, and at 3:1 for the 2-dof configuration. The findings of this investigation will be significant in the development of future reduced scale VAEGs.