KERAGAMAN IKAN SIDAT (Anguilla sp.) FASE BENIH DAN DEWASA DI SUNGAI DUMOGA, SULAWESI UTARA

Sungai Dumoga di Sulawesi Utara memiliki potensi benih sidat yang melimpah karena dekat dengan lokasi pemijahan. Lokasi pemijahan Anguilla borneensis dan Anguilla celebesensis berada di laut lepas Sulawesi dan Teluk Tomini. Lokasi pemijahan Anguilla marmorata dan Anguilla bicolor pacifica berada di bagian barat Pasifik Utara. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi penting bagi langkah penelitian ikan sidat di Indonesia sehingga dapat berkontribusi untuk pengembangan strategi pengelolaannya. Spesies sidat diperoleh di muara Sungai Dumoga terdiri dari A. marmorata sebanyak 1.106 ekor, A. bic. pacifica sebanyak 854 ekor dan Anguilla spp sebanyak 291 ekor. Nilai anodorsal terbagi dalam tiga kelompok yaitu ±15,57% (A. marmorata); ±1,18% (A. bicolor pacifica) dan ±7,09% (Anguilla spp.). Nilai meristik A. marmorata untuk Tulang Belakang (TB) total 104-106 buah, pre-dorsal TB 17-19 buah, pre-anal TB 36-39 buah dan ano-dorsal TB 18-20 buah. Nilai meristik A. bicolor pacifica untuk tulang belakang (TB) total 108-112 buah, pre-dorsal TB 32-36 buah, pre-anal TB 32-39 buah dan ano-dorsal TB 0-3 buah. Nilai meristik Anguilla spp untuk tulang belakang (TB) total 100-106 buah, pre-dorsal TB 27-29 buah, pre-anal TB 30-33 buah dan ano-dorsal TB 6-12 buah. Pola pertumbuhan sidat dewasa bersifat allometrik negatif, yakni pertambahan panjang tubuh lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan pertambahan berat tubuh yang lebih lambat. Kondisi sidat dewasa di Sungai Dumoga tidak gemuk karena faktor kondisinya berkisar antara 0,0024-0,0036. Panjang rata-rata sidat dewasa 58.92cm pada Anguilla marmorata (IKG 1,57–2,90%); 54,2cm pada A. bicolor pacifica (IKG 1,27–2,79%) dan 52,32cm pada Anguilla spp (IKG 0,97-2,50%).

Stratifying Sepsis in Uganda Using Rapid Pathogen Diagnostics and Clinical Data: A Prospective Cohort Study

The global burden of sepsis is concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa, where extensive pathogen diversity and limited laboratory capacity challenge targeted antimicrobial management of life-threatening infections. In this context, established and emerging rapid pathogen diagnostics may stratify sepsis patients into subgroups with prognostic and therapeutic relevance. In a prospective cohort of adults (age ≥18 years) hospitalized with suspected sepsis in Uganda, we stratified patients using rapid diagnostics for HIV, tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and influenza, and compared clinical characteristics and 30-day outcomes across these pathogen-driven subgroups. From April 2017 to August 2019, 301 adults were enrolled (median age, 32 years [interquartile range, 26–42 years]; female, n = 178 [59%]). A total of 157 patients (53%) were HIV infected. Sixty-one patients (20%) tested positive for malaria, 52 (17%), for TB (including 49 of 157 [31%] HIV-infected patients), and 17 (6%), for influenza. Co-infection was identified in 33 (11%) patients. The frequency of multi-organ failure, including shock and acute respiratory failure, was greatest among patients with HIV-associated TB. Mortality at 30 days was 19% among patients with malaria, 40% among patients with HIV-associated TB, 32% among HIV-infected patients without microbiological evidence of TB, 6% among patients with influenza, and 11% among patients without a pathogen identified. Despite improvements in anti-retroviral delivery, the burden of sepsis in Uganda remains concentrated among young, HIV-infected adults, with a high incidence of severe HIV-associated TB. In parallel with improvements in acute-care capacity, use of rapid pathogen diagnostics may enhance triage and antimicrobial management during emergency care for sepsis in sub-Saharan Africa, and could be used to enrich study populations when trialing pathogen-specific treatment strategies in the region.

Peran Beberapa Galur Rhizopus microsporus yang Berasal dari “laru tradisional” dalam Menentukan Kualitas Tempe

Kualitas tempe ditentukan oleh mikroorganisme yang berperan selama proses fermentasi berlangsung. Mikroorganisme utama dalam fermentasi tempe adalah Rhizopus spp. yang sekarang umumnya berasal dari salah satu jenis laru komersial. Akibatnya, keragaman Rhizopus spp. yang digunakan pada fermentasi tempe mengalami penurunan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang peran beberapa galur R. microsporus yang berasal dari “laru tradisional” dalam menentukan kualitas tempe. Tempe diproduksi menggunakan R. microsporus TB 23 (Tempe TB 23), R. microsporus TB 32 (Tempe TB 32), R. microsporus TB 51 (Tempe TB 51), R. microsporus TB 55 (Tempe TB 55) dan tempe menggunakan laru komersial (Tempe K). Kualitas tempe ditentukan melalui pengukuran tekstur, warna, cita rasa, aktivitas antioksidan, dan komposisi kimia (kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan kadar serat kasar). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tekstur, warna, dan cita rasa dari Tempe TB 23, Tempe TB 32, dan Tempe TB 55 sama dengan Tempe K. Demikian juga komposisi kimia Tempe TB 23, Tempe TB 32, dan Tempe TB 55 hampir sama dengan Tempe K. Namun aktivitas antioksidan ketiga jenis tempe tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Tempe K. Tekstur, warna, dan komposisi kimia Tempe TB 23, Tempe TB 32, dan Tempe TB 55 bersama dengan Tempe K memenuhi syarat mutu tempe yang ditetapkan di Indonesia, yaitu yang tertera pada SNI 3144:2015. Oleh karena itu kesimpulannya adalah R. microsporus TB 23, R. microsporus TB 32, dan R. microsporus TB 55 memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai laru komersial untuk fermentasi tempe.The Role of Some Strains of Rhizopus microsporus Originating from “laru tradisional” in Determining Tempe Quality AbstractThe quality of tempe was determined by involved microorganisms. The main microorganism in tempe fermentation is Rhizopus spp. which now generally comes from one type of commercial laru. As a result, the diversity of Rhizopus spp. in tempe has decreased. Therefore, this study aims to obtain information about the role of several strains of R. microsporus originating from "laru tradisional" in determining the quality of tempe. Tempe was produced using R. microsporus TB 23 (Tempe TB 23), R. microsporus TB 32 (Tempe TB 32), R. microsporus TB 51 (Tempe TB 51), R. microsporus TB 55 (Tempe TB 55), and tempe using commercial laru (Tempe K). The quality of tempeh was determined through measurements of texture, color, taste, antioxidant activity, and chemical composition (moisture content, fat content, protein content, and crude fiber content). The results showed that texture, color and taste of Tempe TB 23, Tempe TB 32, Tempe TB 55 were similar as compared to Tempe K. The antioxidant activity of the three types of tempe was higher than Tempe K. The chemical composition of the three types of tempeh was almost similar compared to Tempe K. Texture, color and chemical composition of Tempe TB 23, Tempe TB 32, Tempe TB 55 and Tempe K has fulfilled the quality requirements of tempe in Indonesia, which were listed in SNI 3144: 2015. Therefore, R. microsporus TB 23, R. microsporus TB 32 and R. microsporus TB 55 may be developed as commercial inoculums for tempe fermentation.

Perbandingan Tinggi Badan dan Rentang Tangan Pada Anak Balita Usia 1-5 Tahun

Latar belakang : Pengukuran tinggi badan (TB) sangat penting pada anak balita.Adanya deformitas atau kelainan tertentu pada balita dapat menyebabkan anak tersebut tidak dapat diukur tinggi badannya. Rentang tangan (RT) adalah salah satu parameter antropometri yang dapat menggantikan pengukuran tinggi badan. Perbandingan tinggi badan dan rentang tangan bervariasi menurut ras, usia, dan jenis kelamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan antara tinggi badan dan rentang tangan pada anak balita. Metode : Rancangan penelitian adalah cross-sectional dengan observasional analitik.Penelitian dilakukan pada Maret-Mei 2015. Subyek penelitian adalah anak balita usia 1-5 tahun. Data tinggi badan dan rentang tangan didapatkan dengan mengukur subyek secara langsung. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji regresi linier. Hasil : Subyek penelitian berjumlah 197 anak balita usia 1-5 tahun. Hasil uji regresi linier menunjukkan perbandingan untuk balita laki-laki usia 13-24 bulan adalah TB=27,793+0,685RT, usia 25-36 bulan adalah TB=21,364+0,771RT, usia 37-48 bulan adalah TB=32,157+0,686RT, usia 49-60 bulan adalah TB=54,681+0,461RT. Perbandingan untuk balita perempuan usia 13-24 bulan adalah TB=49,398+0,367RT, usia 25-36 bulan adalah TB=20,185+0,796RT, usia 37-48 bulan adalah TB=32+0,674RT, dan usia 49-60 bulan adalah TB=13,861+0,884RT. Simpulan : Rerata tinggi badan balita laki-laki yang berusia 1-5 tahun adalah 91,4±10 cm, sedangkan rerata tinggi badan balita perempuan yang berusia 1-5 tahun adalah 89,2±10,4 cm. Rerata rentang tangan balita laki-laki yang berusia 1-5 tahun adalah 89,6±11,6 cm, sedangkan rerata rentang tangan balita perempuan yang berusia 1-5 tahun adalah 87,2±11,2 cm. Rumus penghitungan tinggi badan berdasarkan rentang tangan menurut usia lebih menggambarkan tinggi badan sesungguhnya dibandingkan perbandingan usia 1-5 tahun secara umum

Pediatric Tuberculosis at Moulay Youssef University Hopsital – Morocco

Background: There are few studies on presentations, treatment and outcomes of pediatric tuberculosis in Morocco. This study aimed to describe clinico-epidemiological profiles, laboratory findings, treatment and outcomes of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) in a tertiary care hospital in Morocco. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive study undertaken in children diagnosed with TB between June 2011 and May 2012. Clinico-pidemiologicalprofiles, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome of patients was recorded. Statistical significance of category variables was evaluated. Analysis was done on SPSS package. Results were expressed as rates and proportions. Chi square test was used to test for statistical significance. Results: 53 children aged 2 to 16 years (mean age of 9±3.2) with TB diagnosis were enrolled in our study. 33 (62%) of patients were female. Common symptoms were fever, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, decreased appetite and weight loss. The types of TB were: pulmonary TB (32, 60%), and extrapulmonary TB (21, 39.6%). The sites of pediatric extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) were: lymph nodes (7, 13.2%), peritoneal (6, 11.3%), meningeal (4, 7.5%) and osteoarticular (4, 7.5%). 24 (45,3%) of the patients had positive Calmette-Guérin vaccine scar, and 42(79.2%) of the patients had a positive tuberculin skin test. An adult TB contact was identified in 19 (35.8%) of the cases. On direct microscopy, acid-fast bacilli were found in 3 (5.6%) patients and positive cul¬ture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in 2 (3.7%). Drug mono- or multiresistance was not detected. Conclusion: Paediatric TB in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms is a challenging diagnosis, and is a common occurrence in our setting. Diagnosis was based on a combination of epidemiological and clinical suspicion supported by results of various investigations.

Serious game dans la psychoéducation aux troubles bipolaires

ContexteLe trouble bipolaire est une pathologie chronique qui nécessite la mise en place de stratégies non médicamenteuses éducatives [2]. Récemment, le concept de Serious game (jeu sérieux) [1] a fait son apparition dans les programmes d’éducation thérapeutique [4]. BIPOLIFE®[3], programme d’information ludoéducatif sur le trouble bipolaire accessible sur Internet, a été développé afin de s’intégrer dans la panoplie psychoéducative. BIPOLIFE® consiste à faire évoluer son avatar au quotidien. Ce jeu est basé sur 3 cibles : les règles hygiénodiététiques, l’observance médicamenteuse, le recours au médecin/psychiatre.ObjectifMise en place d’une étude pilote évaluant l’acceptabilité de BIPOLIFE® et son effet sur la connaissance de la maladie auprès de 63 patients bipolaires sur 3 semaines. Les patients ont été évalués avec l’échelle de connaissance du trouble bipolaire et une échelle d’acceptabilité de BIPOLIFE®.RésultatsBIPOLIFE® semble être mieux accepté par des jeunes (p = 0,011) et plus efficace sur des hommes (p = 0,043) ayant une moins bonne connaissance de la maladie initiale (p ≤ 0,001). La majorité des patients a rapporté en avoir tiré bénéfice sur leur vie quotidienne, leur connaissance ou leur gestion de la maladie. Les patients ont déclaré que BIPOLIFE® est à conseiller à des personnes souffrant de TB (32 %), à leur proche entourage (32 %) ou au grand public (16 %). ConclusionNotre étude montre que BIPOLIFE® est déjà un outil pertinent dans la prise en charge des patients bipolaires. Des études complémentaires sont nécessaires pour évaluer précisément sa place dans les programmes de psychoéducation.

CO2 balance of a heterothermic rodent: comparison of sleep, torpor, and awake states

CO2 homeostasis of different thermal states have been compared in a heterothermic ground squirrel, Spermophilus tereticaudus. Gas exchange (MO2, MCO2), lung ventilation (VE), and body temperature (Tb) were simultaneously measured during sleep, shallow torpor (Tb 25-29 degrees C), deep torpor (Tb 11-15 degrees C), awake heterothermia (Tb 30-42.5 degrees C), and transitions between these states. CO2 retention (falling MCO2/MO2 and VE/MCO2) accompanied entrance into sleep and torpor. CO2 retention lowered MO2 in sleeping and torpid squirrels beyond that caused by reduced Tb. In torpor at steady state, MCO2/MO2 (R) and ventilation returned to control values, and no further CO2 retention occurred. Arousal from sleep or torpor was accompanied by transiently high VE/MCO2 and R values as CO2 was released from the body fluids. R and VE/MCO2 values during heterothermia in awake squirrels (Tb 32-42.5 degrees C) showed that total body CO2 content remained unchanged until Tb reached 40 degrees C with onset of hyperventilation. Altered CO2 content of the body fluids is thus not a general feature of mammalian heterothermy. The difference in CO2 homeostasis of torpid and heterothermic awake animals may have implications for the difference in metabolic intensity of these states.