VALUE STREAM MAPPING OF OCEAN IMPORT CONTAINERS: A PROCESS CYCLE EFFICIENCY PERSPECTIVE

International cargo transportation is majorly dependent on marine transport, which moves 80% of the international cargo. With the increase in vessel size and the same yard area available for container transportation, it is important to study the processes and understand the efficiency of the container operations process. This research paper aims to review the import container transportation process and understand the process cycle efficiency through lean six sigma concepts. The process is evaluated from the operations process perspective and documentation process at one of the ports of India. The research has been designed by conducting an industry expert review on the process of container transportation from vessel berthing to gate out for import containers, utilising lean six sigma principles such as value stream mapping (VSM) and process cycle efficiency. The results have contributed to the existing knowledge in identifying the waste in the container handling process and demonstrated the inefficiency in the system from the perspective of waiting time of containers due to customs examination, scanning, and inter-terminal handling and movement. The process cycle efficiency of 40% is calculated by analysing the detailed time of handling containers from vessel berthing to gate out. A new future value stream mapping is proposed considering the process cycle efficiency. Future studies will focus on studying this process for export containers and benchmarking the results with the top-performing ocean ports globally.

TRANSPORT LOGISTICS IN A PANDEMIC CONDITIONS

Background. The world economy is undergoing significant changes due to difficult pandemic conditions and quarantine restrictions. Today, logistics companies need to adapt to the new operating conditions in order to overcome the consequences of the pandemic and be competitive in the market of Ukraine and the world. The aim of this scientific article is to analyze the current conditions of multimodal transportation and substantiate the necessary ways to develop transport logistics during the pandemic. Materials and methods. While writing the article the following research methods were used: the method of elementary theoretical analysis and synthesis, the method of deduction, economic and statistical methods, the method of expert evaluation, which revealed the main purpose of the article. Results. Based on the study of the main directions of the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine, the consequences of the development of transport logistics and multimodal transportation have been determined for the country’s economy. An analysis of the state of combined transport in Europe was performed and the main directions of its development were identified, which are relevant for our country. The issues of transport interoperability and its impact on transport and logistics services are considered. The development of transport logistics is directly related to the transition of the railway to a track width of 1435 mm, which will open new opportunities in international traffic and give the opportunity to reach a new level in the field of logistics. Conclusion. The development of transport logistics requires new opportunities and ways to develop this industry. With great export potential and favorable geographical location, Ukraine should integrate into the world system of multimodal transportation by expanding container transportation, which will lead to the development of transport logistics. Today, multimodal transportation has all the necessary legislative documents and support from the state, but obstacles to their development at the international level require significant capital investment.

APPLICATION OF FUZZY TOPSIS MODEL FOR CONTAINER PORT SELECTION CONSIDERING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Container ships are the type of ships that produce the most emissions in maritime transport. In container transportation not only in navigation but also at container ports, a lot of emissions are formed. Ports are generally close by and highly interacted with the inner parts of the city, the impacts of the gas emissions are quite high on people. The study investigated port selection criteria, in terms of cost, efficiency and especially in terms of environmental impacts in order to create awareness. Container port selection problem was solved using fuzzy TOPSIS (The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation) method considering the perspective of carriers. In the study, the container port selection was carried out among the four largest container ports in Turkey.

Modeling the freight rate for container transportation by rail in the Russian Federation

Objective: To develop proposals for improving freight rates for container transportation by rail in the Russian Federation in the current context. Methods: Comparative method, analysis, synthesis, statistical method, and system approach have been applied. Results: Multi-factor complex digital models of rates per wagon with containers and per container train have been developed. One of the options for the algorithm for evaluating individual components of these models is proposed, additional comments to the presented models are provided. Practical importance: The findings can be used to improve freight rates for container transportation by rail in the Russian Federation in the current context, as well as for further research in the field of pricing.

Control algorithms and signals of the pnevmotransport system stations at the enterprises of the mining and metallurgical complex

Автоматическое управление любым технологическим процессом предусматривает непрерывный или периодический контроль параметров, определяющих данный технологический процесс. Для горных, обогатительных, металлургических заводов и фабрик таким параметром является химический состав исходного сырья, флюсов, используемых реагентов, промежуточных продуктов, готовой продукции, отвальных хвостов и сбрасываемых сточных вод. Информацию о химическом составе этих продуктов получают путем отбора и последующего анализа представительных проб. Целью данной работы является разработка системы контейнерной доставки технологических материалов, основанной на применении унифицированных узлов, функционирующих под управлением универсальной микропроцессорной системы. Решение поставленной задачи позволяет упростить процесс адаптации системы к конкретному технологическому процессу, повысить ее надежность за счет применения унифицированных узлов и упростить обслуживание в процессе эксплуатации. Разработана схема системы контейнерной доставки технологических материалов, в состав которой входят станции, обслуживающие процесс транспортировки контейнера. Станции выполнены на основе унифицированных узлов и элементов. К таким узлам станций относятся: пневмоцилиндры, электропневматические клапана, распределители, магнитные датчики. Эти узлы и элементы предназначены для перемещения транспортного контейнера как внутри станций, так и по транспортному трубопроводу. Управление узлами станций системы осуществляется с помощью микропроцессорной системы управления. В статье проведена оптимизация сигналов управления, формируемых как внутри станций, так и поступающих от вспомогательных устройств транспортной системы. Сигналы управления позволяют реализовать оптимальные алгоритмы функционирования системы. Разработаны алгоритмы реализующие различные режимы функционирования станций. Разработана принципиальная схема микропроцессорной системы управления на основе современной элементной базы. Разработанная система управления отличается универсальностью, легко адаптируется для выполнения различных режимов работы станций, это позволяет расширять функциональные возможности системы. Automatic control of any technological process provides for continuous or periodic monitoring of the parameters that determine this technological process. For mining, processing, metallurgical plants and factories, such a parameter is the chemical composition of the feedstock, fluxes, reagents used, intermediate products, finished products, dump tailings and discharged wastewater. Information about the chemical composition of these products is obtained by selecting and then analyzing representative samples. The purpose of this work is to develop a container delivery system for technological materials based on the use of unified nodes operating under the control of a universal microprocessor system. The solution of this task makes it possible to simplify the process of adapting the system to a specific technological process, increase its reliability through the use of unified nodes and simplify maintenance during operation. The scheme of the container delivery system of technological materials, which includes stations serving the process of container transportation, has been developed. The stations are made on the basis of unified nodes and elements. Such nodes of the stations include: pneumatic cylinders, electropneumatic valves, distributors, magnetic sensors.

Methodological aspects of assessing the prospects of project implementation "One belt — one road"

This article is devoted to the assessment of the prospects for the implementation of the project "One Belt — One Road" (OPOP) for the development of China’s trade relations with the countries of the European Union. During the study conducted under the present work, a quantitative assessment of the prospects for increasing the number of participants in the OPOP project, which has allowed to confi rm the previously represented theses, both Russian and foreign scientists about the need to increase the number of project participants. For this purpose, a method was used, which was based on the assessment based on the effectiveness of the country’s foreign trade. It should be noted that the focus of the authors was given to the development of the Northern Transport Corridor, which was due to the participation of Russia and the need to develop and deepen the trade and economic cooperation of China and the countries of the European Union, with the implementation of which the Russian Federation plays an important role, being an integral part of this transport corridor and significant Transport hub for the implementation of the OPOP initiative. Particular attention in the framework of this work was paid to the influence of coronavirus infection for the implementation of the project "One Belt — One Road" and identifying new trends in the development of international trade, due to the influence of a new coronavirus infection, in particular, concerns the failures in the work of transport infrastructure, Convexity with which the bulk of the carriage fell on the railway, and the carriage by sea and air transport had to be suspended. It should be noted that the volume of container transportation between China and the EU in 2020 increased by 57.6 % compared with the first half of 2019, which also affected the increase in trains loading, which, in turn, led to a full load existing capacity.

Prediction Study of Tianjin Port Throughput Based on GM (1, 1) Extended Model

Tianjin Port is the largest comprehensive main hub port and one of the main transshipment ports for energy and raw materials transportation in northern China. It has freight business with many countries. At the same time, Tianjin Port is the first port to carry out international maritime container transportation in China’s coastal areas. Tianjin Port was built in the 1950s, and the container business has been started since 1973, In recent years, with the rapid development of large-scale, intensive and intelligent container ships in Tianjin Port, cargo throughput is an important indicator in the comprehensive evaluation of port development, which represents the development level of a port. At the same time, it also brings new tasks to the navigation guarantee work, in particular, it puts forward systematic requirements for port and wharf construction, navigation aids layout, navigation aids efficiency display and navigation aids base layout. The annual throughput of port cargo or container is one of the bases of world ports. As an output index, port enterprises, shipping companies, navigation guarantee departments and shipping economic analysis departments attach great importance to it. Therefore, the prediction of Tianjin Port cargo throughput can provide reference for Tianjin Port’s next development planning, waterway use and navigation guarantee planning and layout, navigation aids setting, wharf construction, route mapping, etc. the article constructs of Tianjin Port. The average error is 0.29%, and the prediction accuracy is first class. This model can better predict the change trend of cargo for Tianjin Port, which is a better way to analyze the change trend for Tianjin port.