scholarly journals Control algorithms and signals of the pnevmotransport system stations at the enterprises of the mining and metallurgical complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
А.М. Кабышев ◽  
В.В. Хмара ◽  
Б.Д. Хасцаев ◽  
С.В. Кулакова ◽  
М.П. Маслаков
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Microprocessor System ◽  
Container Transportation ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
Pneumatic Cylinders ◽  
Representative Samples

Автоматическое управление любым технологическим процессом предусматривает непрерывный или периодический контроль параметров, определяющих данный технологический процесс. Для горных, обогатительных, металлургических заводов и фабрик таким параметром является химический состав исходного сырья, флюсов, используемых реагентов, промежуточных продуктов, готовой продукции, отвальных хвостов и сбрасываемых сточных вод. Информацию о химическом составе этих продуктов получают путем отбора и последующего анализа представительных проб. Целью данной работы является разработка системы контейнерной доставки технологических материалов, основанной на применении унифицированных узлов, функционирующих под управлением универсальной микропроцессорной системы. Решение поставленной задачи позволяет упростить процесс адаптации системы к конкретному технологическому процессу, повысить ее надежность за счет применения унифицированных узлов и упростить обслуживание в процессе эксплуатации. Разработана схема системы контейнерной доставки технологических материалов, в состав которой входят станции, обслуживающие процесс транспортировки контейнера. Станции выполнены на основе унифицированных узлов и элементов. К таким узлам станций относятся: пневмоцилиндры, электропневматические клапана, распределители, магнитные датчики. Эти узлы и элементы предназначены для перемещения транспортного контейнера как внутри станций, так и по транспортному трубопроводу. Управление узлами станций системы осуществляется с помощью микропроцессорной системы управления. В статье проведена оптимизация сигналов управления, формируемых как внутри станций, так и поступающих от вспомогательных устройств транспортной системы. Сигналы управления позволяют реализовать оптимальные алгоритмы функционирования системы. Разработаны алгоритмы реализующие различные режимы функционирования станций. Разработана принципиальная схема микропроцессорной системы управления на основе современной элементной базы. Разработанная система управления отличается универсальностью, легко адаптируется для выполнения различных режимов работы станций, это позволяет расширять функциональные возможности системы. Automatic control of any technological process provides for continuous or periodic monitoring of the parameters that determine this technological process. For mining, processing, metallurgical plants and factories, such a parameter is the chemical composition of the feedstock, fluxes, reagents used, intermediate products, finished products, dump tailings and discharged wastewater. Information about the chemical composition of these products is obtained by selecting and then analyzing representative samples. The purpose of this work is to develop a container delivery system for technological materials based on the use of unified nodes operating under the control of a universal microprocessor system. The solution of this task makes it possible to simplify the process of adapting the system to a specific technological process, increase its reliability through the use of unified nodes and simplify maintenance during operation. The scheme of the container delivery system of technological materials, which includes stations serving the process of container transportation, has been developed. The stations are made on the basis of unified nodes and elements. Such nodes of the stations include: pneumatic cylinders, electropneumatic valves, distributors, magnetic sensors.

scholarly journals Quality control of aluminium melt in production process

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S43-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kotus ◽  
E. Jankajová ◽  
M. Petrík
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Casting Alloy

The quality of aluminium alloy in the production process on the chemical composition basis was evaluated. The quality of casting alloy depends on the chemical composition of melt and on the technological process of production process. The basic elements such as Si, Cu, Fe, Mg and Al in melting were evaluated. The obtained data were compared with the guide data referred to in the standard for aluminium alloy.

The direct and residual effects of the plane of nutrition of calves in early life on physical performance and gains in chemical composition

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
D C Patterson ◽  
R H J Steen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Representative Samples

The direct, residual and overall effects of the plane of nutrition of calves in early life were investigated with a factorial arrangement of high, medium and low planes of nutrition (H, M and L respectively) imposed from 2 to 14 weeks of age (Period 1) and high and low planes of nutrition (H and L respectively) from 14 to 26 weeks (Period 2). A common high plane of nutrition was offered from 26 weeks of age until the mean slaughter live weight of 527 kg. The planes of nutrition were based on appropriate fixed allowances of concentrates and good quality silage offered ad libitum apart from the first half of Period 1 where appropriate allowances of milk substitute were offered and the roughage was hay. In addition to the final slaughter point, representative samples of three calves per treatment were also slaughtered at the start of the experiment and at the end of Periods 1 and 2 and crude protein, total lipid and ash were determined. Energy contents of the tissues were also estimated from protein and lipid analyses.

scholarly journals Town Stable Manure: Its Chemical Composition and the changes it undergoes on keeping

1905 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Stable Manure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Future Reference

The use of town stable manure enters so largely into the economy of farms, and especially market-gardens, situated within fairly easy distance of London or other large cities, that it is somewhat curious that but little information has been published in this country as to its chemical composition. In fact, with the exception of a couple of analyses made by myself as long ago as 1889, which were published at the time in the Mark Lane Express, and subsequently reprinted in Aikman's book on “Manures and Manuring,” I do not remember to have seen any analyses of London manure. The samples which were the subject of these analyses were collected from a very limited number of stables, some of which were littered with peat moss and others with straw, the object at the moment being to compare the manure produced with the two kinds of litter. I have more recently however made some fairly full analyses of two more representative samples of London manure, but before proceeding to give these it may be desirable to reprint in this place, for future reference, the old analyses just mentioned.

Occurrences of kaolin in Koutaba (west Cameroon): Mineralogical and physicochemical characterization for use in ceramic products

Clay Minerals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nkalih Mefire ◽  
A. Njoya ◽  
R. Yongue Fouateu ◽  
J.R. Mache ◽  
N.A. Tapon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Clays ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Representative Samples

AbstractThirty clay samples collected from three hills in Koutaba (west Cameroon) were characterized in order to evaluate their potential use as raw materials for ceramics. After preliminary mineralogical identification by X-ray diffraction, three representative samples from the three different hills, referred to hereafter as K1M, K2M and K3M, were selected for further investigation by X-ray fluorescence, plasticity, granularity and thermogravimetric analysis. The main clay minerals are kaolinite (32–51%) and illite (up to 12%). Additional major phases are quartz (32–52%), goethite (6–7%) and feldspars (0–4%). The chemical composition showed variable amounts of SiO2(60–72%), Al2O3(15–20%) and Fe2O3(1–9%), in accordance with the quartz abundance in all of the samples studied. The particle-size distribution showed a large proportion of silty fraction (64–88%) with moderate sandy (9–19%) and clayey fractions ( < 5% for K2M, 12% for K1M and 20% for K3M). All of the clays showed moderate plasticity-index values (8–11%). Because of these characteristics, K1M and K3M may be suitable for use in common bricks and hollow ceramic products. Sieving or the addition of ball clays is recommended to increase the plasticity of sample K2M for use in common bricks.

scholarly journals Intelligent robotic systems implementation in the shipbuilding enterprise processes production

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
М.А. Горькавый ◽  
А.И. Горькавый ◽  
А.С. Гудим ◽  
М.А. Мельниченко ◽  
В.П. Егорова
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Ship Hull ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Systems Implementation ◽  
Technological Complex ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Electric Arc Welding

Работа посвящена автоматизации технологического процесса сварки судокорпусных конструкций. В настоящее время большинство технологических процессов в судостроении сопряжено с использованием ручного труда и имеют низкую степень автоматизации. Авторами был проведен структурный и функциональный анализ типового технологического процесса сварки узлов корпуса судна, на основе которых был сделан вывод о необходимости повышения эффективности функционирования технологического процесса. Для этих целей был разработан роботизированный технологический комплекс электродуговой сварки узлов корпуса судна с применением интеллектуальных алгоритмов управления. Чтобы подтвердить эффективность предлагаемого решения, приведены результаты практической работы авторов по проектированию технологического процесса сварки судокорпусных конструкций в лабораторных условиях. The work is devoted to the automation of the technological process of welding ship hull structures. Currently, most of the technological processes in shipbuilding involve manual labor and have a low degree of automation. The authors carried out a structural and functional analysis of a typical technological process of welding ship hull units, on the basis of which it was concluded that it is necessary to increase the efficiency of the technological process. For these purposes, a robotic technological complex for electric arc welding of ship hull assemblies was developed using intelligent control algorithms. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution, the results of the author's practical work on the design of the technological process of welding ship hull structures in laboratory conditions are presented.

scholarly journals Control of the induction soldering on the basis of process temperature indirect measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 01054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim S. Tynchenko ◽  
Vyacheslav E. Petrenko ◽  
Alexander V. Murygin
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Process Temperature ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Full Scale Experiment ◽  
System Module ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Soldered Joint

The article suggests the use of indirect measurements to control the process of induction soldering. Based on the equations of thermodynamics, it is proposed a scheme for approximating the temperature values in the solder zone on the basis of information from pyrometric sensors aimed at an area remote from the soldered joint site. A model-algorithmic instrument for indirect temperature measurements in the soldering technological process is developed, the scheme of which is presented in the article. The software of waveguide paths induction soldering control in the form of an already existing system module has been developed, which allows not only to carry out experimental studies on control algorithms, but also to implement a full-scale experiment, the results of which confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Microstructural characteristics of low-temperature (1400°C) sintered MgO obtained from seawater

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Jakic ◽  
Goran Stefanic ◽  
Miroslav Labor ◽  
Vanja Martinac
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
B2o3 Content ◽  
Hydroxide Precipitate ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of a rinsing of Mg(OH)2 precipitated from seawater by substoichiometric precipitation (80% precipitation) and the addition of TiO2 on microstructural characteristics of the MgO obtained by sintering at low temperature (1400?C). The results of examination indicate that the method of rinsing of the magnesium hydroxide precipitate in the technological process of obtaining MgO from seawater significantly affects the chemical composition of samples, primarily with regard to the CaO and B2O3 content. The samples were doped with TiO2 to improve the evaporation of B2O3 and sintering of MgO samples that were characterized by XRD and SEM/EDS. These techniques confirmed the high purity of MgO samples obtained and the formation of secondary compounds in very small quantities that have a positive effect on the densification.

scholarly journals Berries and large fruits of the Samara region harvest 2016 year of the collection of the research institute «Zhigulevsky garden» as a perspective raw material in the food industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
S. A. Aleksashina ◽  
N. V. Makarova ◽  
L. G. Demenina ◽  
M. I. Antipenko
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Research Institute

One of the most important components of the human diet is the berries and stone fruits. They are rich in sugars, organic acids and biologically active substances - antioxidants. Together, the presented indicators (chemical composition and antioxidant activity) are important for the stable operation of the human body and the technological process when processing plant materials. When analyzing the chemical composition of berries and large fruits from the collection of the Research Institute "Zhigulevskie Gardens", it was revealed that the grade of raw materials influences the determined indexes.The highest value of soluble solids is occupied by the samples of apricot (leading Krugly variety), Black currant (leading Orloviya variety), raspberry (Balzam is leading).The lowest value of soluble solids was observed in strawberry varieties Kama. Analyze berries and fruits differ in the content of organic acids slightly. The maximum content of sugars in apricot, and the minimum for black currant. In the studied fruits, the highest content of phenols was recorded in the black currant. The varieties of flavonoids are different: strawberry Festivalaya, black currant Perun, apricot Khabarovskiy and raspberry Balzam. Low results showed apricot (grade Krugly, Pogremok). The high antioxidant activity was shown by the raspberry varieties Lyubetovskaya and Balzam. The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of fruits and berries play an important role not only for the human body, but also for the technological process during their processing. For this reason, analysis of the feedstock is an important stage in the development and manufacture of food products with a directed antioxidant effect.

Improving the method of determining the mass fraction of magnesium carbonate and the study of the chemical composition of carbonate rocks for the effective conduct of the technological process of sugar production

10.5219/1620 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 901-916
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kos ◽  
Inha Kuznietsova ◽  
Tamila Sheiko ◽  
Liubomyr Khomichak ◽  
Larysa Bal-Prylypko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Real Component ◽  
Lime Kiln

The article considers an improved method for determining the content of magnesium carbonate in the carbonate rock. An adjusted method for determining the content of magnesium carbonate was included in the complete establishment of chemical analysis of limestone, which includes the determination of moisture, impurities insoluble in hydrochloric acid, the amount of one and a half oxides of aluminum and iron, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate (advanced method), calcium sulfate, alkali metal oxides of potassium and sodium. The obtained experimental data were entered into a single table and summed up the material balance of all components of the carbonate rock. As a result, it was found that this technique includes the following criteria: it is the most accurate, most accessible, and cheap. The use of adjusted methods for determining the content of calcium and magnesium carbonate in limestone will make it possible to establish the objective chemical composition of the carbonate rock and avoid several technological problems. Namely, the excess of uncontrolled magnesium carbonate contributes to the formation of the liquid phase, which in turn reduces the concentration of chemically active lime and promotes the formation of melts in the lime kiln, deteriorating filtration rates, clogging the evaporating station, and so on. Therefore, having information about the real component composition of limestone, the technologist will be able to adjust the technological process in advance, which will lead to the preservation of natural resources while the quality of finished products will not decrease.

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