Tweeting on dementia: A snapshot of the content and sentiment of tweets associated with dementia

This study aimed to record and characterise tweets related to dementia, to investigate their content and sentiment. Data were extracted from Twitter over a period of six weeks during February and March 2019 and then analysed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) and AntWordProfiler. Using five search terms related to dementia, this study collected 860,383 tweets (more than 27 million words). Results have shown that out of all the collected tweets, 48.63 percent of tweets related to the search term ‘dementia’, 49.95 percent to ‘Alzheimer’s disease’ and the remainder related to frontotemporal dementia, Lewy Body dementia and vascular dementia. People wrote more positively and personally about the term ‘dementia’ than the other terms, and more technically regarding the term ‘Alzheimer’s disease’. All search terms had a negative emotional tone overall. Dementia and related terms are commonly discussed on Twitter. The overall negative emotional tone associated with all dementia related search terms suggests that dementia is still largely stigmatised and talked about negatively. Recommendations for future research include the development of a health world list or a dementia world list, and to consider how the results of this research inform social change interventions going forwards.

A new genus and species from Brazil of the resurrected family Macromaxillocarididae Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006 and a worldwide list of Stenopodidea (Decapoda)

A new genus and species, Chicosciencea pernambucensisgen. nov., sp. nov., is described from two localities along the coast of Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil. Considering the unresolved situation of the families of Stenopodidea in previous studies, the position of this new genus is discussed based on morphological, molecular (16S mtDNA), and ecological data. The morphological analysis revealed that Chicoscienceagen. nov. differs from all stenopodidean genera by a combination of characters. The inferred molecular phylogeny recovered a monophyletic group including Chicoscienceagen. nov., MacromaxillocarisAlvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006, and MicroprosthemaStimpson, 1860, which comprise free-living (i.e., not-sponge associated), shallow-water species. Based on this monophyletic group and on their morphological and ecological similarities, we herein formally propose the resurrection of Macromaxillocarididae Alvarez, Iliffe & Villalobos, 2006 to include those genera. We also provide an updated world list of Stenopodidea. With the description of Chicoscienceagen. nov., the infraorder Stenopodidea now comprises 13 genera and 92 species.

Cognitive Examination In Thalassemia Patients

Background: Many studies on thalassemia patients have shown cognitive decline that may affect the patients’ life. To clarify the cognitive value in thalassemia patients, we performed a neuropsychological test on these patients. Methods: This was a prospective observational analytic with case control study involving 40 thalassemia patients and 40 controls similar for age, sex, and education. All subjects underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological test including visual cognitive assessment. Results: Compared to controls, patients with thalassemia aged 15-47 years old had poorer results in world list recall (p=0.026), TMT-B (p=0.042), clock drawing test (p=0.049), ADAS-Cog (p=0.014), logical memory (p=0.001) and digit symbol (p<0.001). These results indicate that thalassemia patients have significantly lower attention, verbal memory capability, and executive function. Conclusion: Our findings concluded that patients with thalassemia have impaired multiple cognitive domains.

Taxonomy as the key to life

Taxonomy is a key to life in not only providing guides to distinguishing species but in opening the door to knowledge about biodiversity. Species names, as the only standardised measure of biodiversity, are essential for communication of information about nature. However, new knowledge means that what we understand a species to be may change over time. Online species databases are improving accessibility to this knowledge and expertise and provide an easy way to keep up to date with species nomenclature and classification. I propose three practical priorities for taxonomy: (1) complete a world list of all known species through the “Catalogue of Life”; (2) establish an online cooperative community infrastructure that updates species nomenclature and links it to associated literature, information and expertise; (3) create an internet portal as a key to life on Earth. The first is near completion in the Catalogue of Life. The second has an exemplar in the World Register of Marine Species. The third goal has not begun but some of its ingredients exist. Moreover, a “key to life” infrastructure suitably supported by the community and science organisations, could be a focal point for a world taxonomic society and a taxonomy based mega-science initiative to understand life on Earth.

The Chikchi and Its Positions in Fourteenth-Century Korea

The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical and ideological positions of the Chikchi, a Korean Zen text. Originally composed of two fascicles, the book was published with metal type in 1377 and in woodblock print in 1378. The metal type print only remains. in its second fascicle, which is currently preserved in the La Bibliotheque nationale de France, registered in the Memory of the World by the United Nations, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Memory of the World list. However, the woodblock print remains in two fascicles, including the teachings of Buddhas, recorded sayings, enlightened verses, and transmission records of more than one hundred patriarchs and masters of India, China, and Korea. The role of the Chikchi shines more in modern times. As a rare book in Korea and as the oldest extant book printed with metal type in the world, it has a great significance in the world history of printing culture. The Chikchi also has originality in terms of soteriology, ideological flexibility, an open interpretation of Buddhist teachings, and an integration with Confucianism, thus suggesting its possible contribution to a better understanding of the characteristics of Korean Buddhism in particular and, by extension, East Asian Buddhism in general.

Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names Part VII: Johann Wilhelm Meigen

The Diptera genus-group names of Johann Wilhelm Meigen are reviewed, revised, and annotated. A total of 266 available genus-group names in 69 families of Diptera are listed alphabetically, including authorship, year and page of the original publication, originally included species, type species and method of fixation, current status of the name, family placement, and any emendations that have been found in the literature. Unavailable names suppressed by ICZN rulings as well as incorrect original and subsequent spellings are included as unnumbered entries. Remarks are given to clarify nomenclatural or taxonomic information. In addition, an index to all the species-group names of Diptera proposed by Meigen (3,117 in total, of which 2,966 are available) is given with a bibliographic reference to each original citation. An appendix gives a complete bibliography of all the known published writings by Meigen, non-zoological as well as zoological. The following type species designation is proposed: Dasypogon priscus Meigen, 1820 for Podoctria Meigen, 1820, by present designation [Asilidae]. First Reviser actions for multiple original spellings that have not previously been recognized (viz., those made via ICZN Code Art. 24.2.4) or are made herein are given for the following: Chrysotus Meigen, 1824 [Dolichopodidae]; Ocydromia Meigen, 1820 [Hybotidae]; Rhamphomyia Meigen, 1822 [Empididae]; Tachypeza Meigen, 1830a [Hybotidae]. Earlier valid subsequent type-species designations have been found for the following: Ascia Meigen, 1822 [Syrphidae]; Borborus Meigen, 1803 [Sphaeroceridae]; Brachygaster Meigen, 1826 [Sepsidae]; Cephalia Meigen, 1826 [Ulidiidae]; Chrysotus Meigen, 1824 [Dolichopodidae]; Ctenophora Meigen, 1803 [Tipulidae]; Diastata Meigen, 1830a [Diastatidae]; Doros Meigen, 1803 [Syrphidae]; Erioptera Meigen, 1803 [Limoniidae]; Glochina Meigen, 1830a [Limoniidae]; Macrocera Meigen, 1803 [Keroplatidae]; Merodon Meigen, 1803 [Syrphidae]; Mesembrina Meigen, 1826 [Muscidae]; Mycetobia Meigen, 1818a [Anisopodidae]; Odontomyia Meigen, 1803 [Stratiomyidae]; Oedalea Meigen, 1820 [Hybotidae]; Phania Meigen, 1824 [Tachinidae]; Platypeza Meigen, 1803 [Platypezidae]; Platyptera Meigen, 1803 [Empididae]; Platyura Meigen, 1803 [Keroplatidae]; Spilomyia Meigen, 1803 [Syrphidae]; Stegana Meigen, 1830a [Drosophilidae]; Trineura Meigen, 1803 [Phoridae]; Ulidia Meigen, 1826 [Ulidiidae]; Xysta Meigen, 1824 [Tachinidae]. The following type species are fixed herein under ICZN Code Article 70.3.2: Rhagio ibis Fabricius, 1775 for Atherix Meigen, 1803 [Athericidae]; Coelopa pilipes Haliday, 1838 for Coelopa Meigen, 1803 [Coelopidae]; Diastata vagans Loew, 1864 for Diastata Meigen, 1803 [Diastatidae]; Tanypus punctipennis Meigen, 1818a for Tanypus Meigen, 1803 [Chironomidae]. Corrected or clarified nomenclatural status, included species, and/or corrected or clarified type-species are given for: Acrocera Meigen, 1803 [Acroceridae]; Aedes Meigen, 1818a [Culicidae]; Anisomera Meigen, 1818a [Limoniidae]; Ascia Meigen, 1822 [Syrphidae]; Atherix Meigen, 1803 [Athericidae]; Bactria Meigen, 1820 [Asilidae]; Bolitophila Meigen, 1818a [Bolitophilidae]; Borborus Meigen, 1803 [Chloropidae]; Brachygaster Meigen, 1826 [Sepsidae]; Cephalia Meigen, 1826 [Ulidiidae]; Chlorops Meigen, 1803 [Chloropidae]; Chrysotoxum Meigen, 1803 [Syrphidae]; Chrysotus Meigen, 1824 [Dolichopodidae]; Coelopa Meigen, 1830a [Coelopidae]; Ctenophora Meigen, 1803 [Tipulidae]; Dialyta Meigen, 1826 [Muscidae]; Diastata Meigen, 1830a [Diastatidae]; Dictya Meigen, 1803 [Sciomyzidae]; Diomyza Meigen, 1818a [Cecidomyiidae]; Doros Meigen, 1803 [Syrphidae]; Dorycera Meigen, 1830a [Ulidiidae]; Erioptera Meigen, 1803 [Limoniidae]; Furcomyia Meigen, 1818a [Limoniidae]; Glochina Meigen, 1830a [Limoniidae]; Hexacantha Meigen, 1803 [Stratiomyidae]; Hexatoma Meigen, 1818a [Tabanidae]; Lasiops Meigen, 1838 [Muscidae]; Leptina Meigen, 1822 [Tipulidae]; Leptocera Meigen, 1818a [Bolitophilidae]; Leucopis Meigen, 1830a, [Chamaemyiidae]; Loxocera Meigen, 1803 [Psilidae]; Macrocera Meigen, 1803 [Keroplatidae]; Marginomyia Meigen, 1818a [Limoniidae]; Merodon Meigen, 1803 [Syrphidae]; Mesembrina Meigen, 1826 [Muscidae]; Mima Meigen, 1820 [Bombyliidae]; Mycetobia Meigen, 1818a [Anisopodidae]; Nematocera Meigen, 1818a [Limoniidae]; Nodutis Meigen, 1820 [Athericidae]; Odontomyia Meigen, 1803 [Stratiomyidae]; Oedalea Meigen, 1820 [Hybotidae]; Pelecocera Meigen, 1822 [Syrphidae]; Phalangus Meigen, 1822 [Syrphidae]; Phania Meigen, 1824 [Tachinidae]; Platypeza Meigen, 1803 [Platypezidae]; Platyptera Meigen, 1803 [Empididae]; Platyura Meigen, 1803 [Keroplatidae]; Podoctria Meigen, 1820 [Asilidae]; Psilopus Meigen, 1824 [Dolichopodidae]; Sarcophaga Meigen, 1824 [Sarcophagidae]; Stegana Meigen, 1830a [Drosophilidae]; Subula Meigen, 1820 [Xylomyidae]; Tanyglossa Meigen, 1803 [Tabanidae]; Tanypus Meigen, 1803 [Chironomidae]; Therina Meigen, 1830a [Heleomyzidae]; Trineura Meigen, 1803 [Phoridae]; Ulidia Meigen, 1826 [Ulidiidae]; Unomyia Meigen, 1818a [Limoniidae]; Xylota Meigen, 1822 [Syrphidae]; Xysta Meigen, 1824 [Tachinidae]. New synonymies are proposed for the following genus-group names: Melanopangonius Szilády, 1923 under Tanyglossa Meigen, 1803, n. syn. [Tabanidae]; Planuria Meigen, 1826 under Homalura Meigen, 1826, n. syn. [Chloropidae]; Polimera Meigen, 1826 under Polymera Wiedemann, 1820, n. syn. [Limoniidae]; Trepidaria Swinderen, 1822 under Seioptera Kirby & Spence, 1817, n. syn. [Ulidiidae]. Reversal of precedence (Code Article 23.9.2) is invoked in two instances to promote stability in nomenclature. One for homonymy: Sarcophaga Meigen, 1824, nomen protectum [in Sarcophagidae] and Sarcophaga Swinderen, 1822, nomen oblitum [in Calliphoridae]; and one for objective synonymy: Calliphora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, nomen protectum and Sarcophaga Swinderen, 1822, nomen oblitum [in Calliphoridae].