Desempeño térmico de cerramientos de tierra alivianada Posibilidades de aplicación en el territorio peruano

Resumen Las soluciones constructivas tradicionales y contemporáneas han demostrado tener serias limitaciones en la solución del déficit cualitativo y cuantitativo de la vivienda y el equipamiento, de igual manera, las evidencias del desempeño térmico son igualmente desalentadoras. Es por lo que se indaga sobre la capacidad de la tierra alivianada de brindar confort térmico en los edificios, considerando los diferentes climas del territorio peruano y comparándola con los sistemas constructivos más comunes en el medio: el adobe y la albañilería de ladrillo. A partir de la caracterización previa de las cualidades térmicas de los componentes y de la realización de simulaciones térmicas dinámicas, comparando el desempeño de diferentes prototipos digitales, se identificaron las virtudes de la tierra alivianada por el marcado equilibrio entre una masa térmica media y una conductividad térmica relativamente baja, siendo los únicos que logran cumplir con las exigencias de la actual norma peruana de eficiencia energética para el caso de los climas más fríos. Adicionalmente de destaca la composición a partir de materiales naturales, renovables y biodegradables que son ventajas ecológicas. Palabras clave: arquitectura bioclimática; arquitectura sostenible; climatización pasiva; confort térmico; inercia térmica; simulación térmica; sistema constructivo; transmitancia térmica Abstract Traditional and contemporary construction systems have shown serious limitations in the solution of the qualitative and quantitative deficit of housing and equipment, in the same way, the evidence of thermal performance is equally discouraging. That is why we inquire about the ability of the land relieved to provide thermal comfort in buildings, considering the different climates of the Peruvian territory and comparing it with the most common construction systems in the environment: adobe and brick masonry. From the previous characterization of the thermal qualities of the components and the realization of dynamic thermal simulations, comparing the performance of different digital prototypes, the virtues of the earth alleviated by the marked balance between a medium thermal mass and a conductivity were identified relatively low thermal, being the only ones that manage to meet the requirements of the current Peruvian energy efficiency standard in the case of colder climates. In addition, the composition from natural, renewable and biodegradable materials that are ecological advantages stands out. Keywords: bioclimatic architecture; sustainable architecture; passive air conditioning; Thermal comfort; thermal inertia; thermal simulation; construction system; thermal transmittance. Recibido: febrero 25 / 2019 Evaluado: septiembre 20 / 2019 Aceptado: noviembre 23 / 2019 Publicado en línea: noviembre de 2019 Actualizado: noviembre de 2019

THE USAGE OF GROUND-COUPLED HEAT EXCHANGERS IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES

This study aims to identify the feasibility of using a ground-coupled heat exchanger system for air conditioning in subtropical regions. Geothermal systems are used effectively in cold climates, but little explored in hot and humid climate regions, although they show potential for passive air-conditioning environments. The tubes were installed in Southern Brazil, in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, which has temperatures of 0ºC in the winter and 40ºC in the summer. The methodology for the research was organized as follows: bibliographic research and geological characterization of the site, system sizing, installation of 22 meters of a 300mm PVC tube, 4 meters depth, and subsequently measurement and data collection on temperatures with use HOBO U10-001 Data Logger. The research was held from March to October 2016. The results showed that at external temperatures of 30ºC, the system was able to cool on average 6ºC, reaching peaks of 7ºC in the temperature of air exit to the environment. At temperatures below 6ºC, the system was able to heat on average 10ºC, with peaks of up to 11ºC. Based on the results, it is concluded that a buried pipe system is a viable alternative for passive climate control in subtropical climates