scholarly journals Desempeño térmico de cerramientos de tierra alivianada Posibilidades de aplicación en el territorio peruano

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Wieser-Rey ◽  
Silvia Onnis ◽  
Giuseppina Meli
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Thermal Transmittance ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Energy Efficiency Standard ◽  
Thermal Simulations ◽  
Passive Air Conditioning

Resumen Las soluciones constructivas tradicionales y contemporáneas han demostrado tener serias limitaciones en la solución del déficit cualitativo y cuantitativo de la vivienda y el equipamiento, de igual manera, las evidencias del desempeño térmico son igualmente desalentadoras. Es por lo que se indaga sobre la capacidad de la tierra alivianada de brindar confort térmico en los edificios, considerando los diferentes climas del territorio peruano y comparándola con los sistemas constructivos más comunes en el medio: el adobe y la albañilería de ladrillo. A partir de la caracterización previa de las cualidades térmicas de los componentes y de la realización de simulaciones térmicas dinámicas, comparando el desempeño de diferentes prototipos digitales, se identificaron las virtudes de la tierra alivianada por el marcado equilibrio entre una masa térmica media y una conductividad térmica relativamente baja, siendo los únicos que logran cumplir con las exigencias de la actual norma peruana de eficiencia energética para el caso de los climas más fríos. Adicionalmente de destaca la composición a partir de materiales naturales, renovables y biodegradables que son ventajas ecológicas. Palabras clave: arquitectura bioclimática; arquitectura sostenible; climatización pasiva; confort térmico; inercia térmica; simulación térmica; sistema constructivo; transmitancia térmica   Abstract Traditional and contemporary construction systems have shown serious limitations in the solution of the qualitative and quantitative deficit of housing and equipment, in the same way, the evidence of thermal performance is equally discouraging. That is why we inquire about the ability of the land relieved to provide thermal comfort in buildings, considering the different climates of the Peruvian territory and comparing it with the most common construction systems in the environment: adobe and brick masonry. From the previous characterization of the thermal qualities of the components and the realization of dynamic thermal simulations, comparing the performance of different digital prototypes, the virtues of the earth alleviated by the marked balance between a medium thermal mass and a conductivity were identified relatively low thermal, being the only ones that manage to meet the requirements of the current Peruvian energy efficiency standard in the case of colder climates. In addition, the composition from natural, renewable and biodegradable materials that are ecological advantages stands out. Keywords: bioclimatic architecture; sustainable architecture; passive air conditioning; Thermal comfort; thermal inertia; thermal simulation; construction system; thermal transmittance.   Recibido: febrero 25 / 2019  Evaluado: septiembre 20 / 2019  Aceptado: noviembre 23 / 2019 Publicado en línea: noviembre de 2019                               Actualizado: noviembre de 2019  

scholarly journals Characterization of the Japanese Management Technique 5S. Polytechnic Dining Room Case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Izurieta ◽  
G. Miño ◽  
D. Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Management Technique ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Japanese Management ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Dining Room ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness

This research aimed to characterize the Japanese 5S management technique, using a case study of the Polytechnic Dining Room, given that in this unit you can apply the 5S technique without any problem, and improve quality, productivity and competitiveness. Several elements were examined including the existence of work material, procedures for eliminating unnecessary materials, location of work materials, cleaning of work areas, standardization of processes, use of uniforms, and protective equipment, among others. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. A documentary research instrument was applied, using a Likert scale with ordinal variables. According to the results, those that obtained the highest rating of 7 were as follows: Seiris (classification) 25%, Seiton (Order) 36%, Seiso (Cleaning) 32%, Seiketsu (Standardization) 36%, and Shitsuke (Maintenance) 57%. Therefore, we conclude that in Shitsuke there was greater employee commitment, and Seiri obtained the lowest qualification. Keywords: 5S, quality improvement, productivity, competitiveness. Resumen Con la finalidad de conocer los elementos innecesarios, existencia de material de trabajo, procedimientos de eliminación de materiales innecesarios, ubicación de materiales de trabajo, limpieza de áreas de trabajo, estandarización de procesos, utilización de uniformes, equipo de protección entre otros, la presente investigación tienen el objetivo de caracterizar la técnica de gestión japonesa 5S, caso Comedor Politécnico, considerando que en esta dependencia puede aplicar sin ninguna problema la técnica 5S, mejorar la calidad, su productividad y competitividad; la investigación tiene un enfoque cualicuantitativo, con un método analítico sintético con un nivel de investigación exploratorio, descriptivo, se aplica un instrumento de investigación documental, de escala con variables ordinales, utilizando la escala Likert, método inductivo empírico de información primaria, en la cual se obtiene la siguientes conclusiones obteniendo la calificación más alta de 7, en lo referente Seiri (clasificación) 25%, Seiton ( Orden)36%, Seiso (Limpieza) 32%, Seiketsu (Estandarización) 36%, Shitsuke ( Mantenimiento) 57%, de esta manera de concluye que en Shitsuke donde existe mayor compromiso de los empleados, y en Seiri es la que menor calificación se obtiene. Palabras clave: 5S, mejora de la calidad, productividad, competitividad.

scholarly journals Development and Application of a Thermal Comfort Model in Buildings

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andrés Vilaboa Díaz ◽  
Pastora M. Bello Bugallo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
System Response ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
The European Union ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Buildings are one of the systems that more energy consumed in the European Union. The study of the thermal envelope is interesting in order to reduce the energy losses. For that, a mathematical model able to predict the system response to external temperature variations is developed. With the mathematical model, different thermal envelope elements of a building based on the lag and the cushioning of the resultant wave can be characterized. In addition, it is important to analyse where the insulation is placed, because when the insulation is outside and the thermal mass is inside, the system produces a response with smooth temperature variations than when the insulation is inside. Therefore, placing the outside insulation generates more steady indoor temperatures, increasing the thermal comfort inside the building. To complete the mathematical model that allows predicting the temperature inside a building taking into account the solar inputs and the thermal inertia of the building. This study will help to establish the optimum design parameters in order to build sustainable and comfortable buildings. Furthermore, it will take one step forward in the construction of nearly Zero-Energy Buildings.

scholarly journals Graphene, an Interesting Nanocarbon Allotrope for Biosensing Applications: Advances, Insights, and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117959722098382
Author(s):  
Farid Menaa ◽  
Yazdian Fatemeh ◽  
Sandeep K Vashist ◽  
Haroon Iqbal ◽  
Olga N Sharts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Multiplex Detection ◽  
Quantitative Characterization ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
Bioanalytical Applications

Graphene, a relatively new two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, possesses unique structure (e.g. lighter, harder, and more flexible than steel) and tunable physicochemical (e.g. electronical, optical) properties with potentially wide eco-friendly and cost-effective usage in biosensing. Furthermore, graphene-related nanomaterials (e.g. graphene oxide, doped graphene, carbon nanotubes) have inculcated tremendous interest among scientists and industrials for the development of innovative biosensing platforms, such as arrays, sequencers and other nanooptical/biophotonic sensing systems (e.g. FET, FRET, CRET, GERS). Indeed, combinatorial functionalization approaches are constantly improving the overall properties of graphene, such as its sensitivity, stability, specificity, selectivity, and response for potential bioanalytical applications. These include real-time multiplex detection, tracking, qualitative, and quantitative characterization of molecules (i.e. analytes [H2O2, urea, nitrite, ATP or NADH]; ions [Hg2+, Pb2+, or Cu2+]; biomolecules (DNA, iRNA, peptides, proteins, vitamins or glucose; disease biomarkers such as genetic alterations in BRCA1, p53) and cells (cancer cells, stem cells, bacteria, or viruses). However, there is still a paucity of comparative reports that critically evaluate the relative toxicity of carbon nanoallotropes in humans. This manuscript comprehensively reviews the biosensing applications of graphene and its derivatives (i.e. GO and rGO). Prospects and challenges are also introduced.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort in winter incorporating solar radiation effects at high altitudes and performance of improved passive solar design—Case of Lhasa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjiang Huang ◽  
Jian Kang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Passive Solar

AbstractThe solar incidence on an indoor environment and its occupants has significant impacts on indoor thermal comfort. It can bring favorable passive solar heating and can result in undesired overheating (even in winter). This problem becomes more critical for high altitudes with high intensity of solar irradiance, while received limited attention. In this study, we explored the specific overheating and rising thermal discomfort in winter in Lhasa as a typical location of a cold climate at high altitudes. First, we evaluated the thermal comfort incorporating solar radiation effect in winter by field measurements. Subsequently, we investigated local occupant adaptive responses (considering the impact of direct solar irradiance). This was followed by a simulation study of assessment of annual based thermal comfort and the effect on energy-saving potential by current solar adjustment. Finally, we discussed winter shading design for high altitudes for both solar shading and passive solar use at high altitudes, and evaluated thermal mass shading with solar louvers in terms of indoor environment control. The results reveal that considerable indoor overheating occurs during the whole winter season instead of summer in Lhasa, with over two-thirds of daytime beyond the comfort range. Further, various adaptive behaviors are adopted by occupants in response to overheating due to the solar radiation. Moreover, it is found that the energy-saving potential might be overestimated by 1.9 times with current window to wall ratio requirements in local design standards and building codes due to the thermal adaption by drawing curtains. The developed thermal mass shading is efficient in achieving an improved indoor thermal environment by reducing overheating time to an average of 62.2% during the winter and a corresponding increase of comfort time.

Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Airport-related Ultrafine Particles using Liquid Chromatography – High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Ungeheuer ◽  
Diana Rose ◽  
Dominik van Pinxteren ◽  
Florian Ditas ◽  
Stefan Jacobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Ionization Mode ◽  
Lubrication Oils

<p>We present the results from a chemical characterization study of ultrafine particles (UFP), collected nearby Frankfurt International Airport where particle size distribution measurements showed high number concentrations for particles with a diameter <50 nm. Aluminium filter samples were collected at an air quality monitoring station in a distance of 4 km to Frankfurt airport, using the 13-stage cascade impactor Nano-MOUDI (MSP Model-115). The chemical characterization of the ultrafine particles in the size range of 0.010-0.018 μm, 0.018-0.032 μm and 0.032-0.056 μm was accomplished by the development of an optimized filter extraction method. An UHPLC method for chromatographic separation of homologous series of hydrophobic and high molecular weight organic compounds, followed by heated electrospray ionization (ESI) and mass analysis using an Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer was developed. Using a non-target screening, ~200 compounds were detected in the positive ionization mode after filtering, in order to ensure high quality of the obtained data. We determined the molecular formula of positively charged adducts ([M+H]<sup>+</sup>; [M+Na]<sup>+</sup>), and for each impaction stage we present molecular fingerprints (Molecular weight vs Retention time, Kroll-diagram, Van-Krevelen-diagram, Kendrick mass defect plot) in order to visualize the complex chemical composition. The negative ionization mode led only to the detection of a few compounds (<20) for which reason the particle characterization focuses on the positive ionization mode. We found that the majority of detected compounds belong to homologous series of two different kinds of organic esters, which are base stocks of aircraft lubrication oils. In reference to five different jet engine lubrication oils of various manufacturers, we identified the corresponding lubricant base stocks and their additives in the ultrafine particles by the use of matching retention time, exact mass and MS/MS fragmentation pattern of single organic molecules. As the relevance of the chemical composition of UFP regarding human health is depending on the mass contribution of each compound we strived for quantification of the jet engine oil compounds. This was achieved by standard addition of purchased original standards to the native sample extracts. Two amines serving as stabilizers, one organophosphate used as an anti-wear agent/metal deactivator and two ester base stocks were quantified. Quantification of the two homologous ester series was carried out using one ester compound and cross-calibration. The quantitative determination is burdened by the uncertainty regarding sampling artefacts in the Nano-MOUDI. Therefore we characterized the cascade impactor in a lab experiment using the ester standard. Particle size distribution measurements conducted parallel to the filter sampling enables the determination of jet engine oil contribution to the UFP mass. Results indicate that aircraft emissions strongly influence the mass balance of 0.010-0.018 μm particles. This contribution decreases for bigger sized particles (0.018-0.056 μm) as presumably more sources get involved. The hereby-introduced method allows the qualitative and quantitative assignment of aircraft emissions towards the chemical composition and total mass of airport related ultrafine particles.</p>

scholarly journals A day-ahead scheduling framework for thermostatically controlled loads with thermal inertia and thermal comfort model

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Chen ◽  
Fengji Luo ◽  
Zhaoyang Dong ◽  
Ke Meng ◽  
Gianluca Ranzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Thermostatically Controlled Loads ◽  
Thermal Comfort Model
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document