Why do some states persist with grand strategies that have become excessively burdensome? Generations of great powers have become overstretched by squandering resources in areas of peripheral importance, instead of cutting their losses and focusing on core interests. This chapter explores the incentives, barriers, and enablers of grand-strategic change. It first offers a definition of grand strategy, before outlining a two-tiered framework for measuring change. The chapter then examines the structural incentives for altering a state’ grand strategy, as well as the psychological, cultural, organizational, and domestic impediments. Short of a catastrophic strategic shock, grand-strategic change is rare. It is possible, however, given the right systemic conditions, as well as the presence of change agents and a viable alternative to the status quo.