Enhanced Phosphorus Release from Phosphate Rock Activated with Lignite by Mechanical Microcrystallization: Effects of Several Typical Grinding Parameters

Recently, microcrystallization technology has gained much interest because of the enhanced dissolution of the target sample and promotion of the sustainable development of agriculture. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important nutrients for increasing crop yield; the increase in effective P ratio directly from raw phosphate rock (PR) powder by mechanical grinding to increase its microcrystallinity is believed to be the best choice for this purpose. This study reports the improvement in the activation property of PR powder with different lignite ratios (1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%), particularly the relationship between particle-size distribution, specific surface area, granule morphology, and the citric acid-soluble P. It was found that a 3% lignite addition was the optimal treatment for increasing the release of citric acid-soluble P. The maximum total amount of dry matter from rapeseed cultivation and the available P after the test increased by 56.1% and 89.6%, respectively, with direct use of PR and microcrystallized PR powder (PR2), compared with the control test without any addition of phosphate minerals.

Development of Chemotherapy System Using Plasma Activated Medium to Enhance PC12 Axonal Extension

In recent years, plasma activated medicine using non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma (NTAPP) has attracted great interest for chemotherapy. In this study, we aim to develop a chemotherapy system with reactive species generated in a plasma activated medium (PAM) for PC12 treatment. We observe the morphology change of PC12 cells and evaluate the effectiveness of PAM and the reactive species on axonal-extension enhancement. First, we measured the amount of reactive species, such as H2O2, NO2, and NO3 in PAM. Second, we confirmed the stimulation effect of PAM on PC12 by measuring the axonal extension length of a 72-h culture after PAM stimulation. Experiments were conducted under 20 conditions to find an optimal condition. Using the grid method, significant axonal extension was confirmed. Next, the optimal conditions to promote PC12 axonal-extension was determined using the response surface method. Promotion of axonal extension was not confirmed in the cell culture using only H2O2. As a result, we presumed that the enhancement of axonal-extension was induced by the coupling effects of NO2, NO3 and H2O2, which are active species produced in PAM. Finally, we were able to declare that PAM exhibits a selective cell activation property for the chemotherapy of the central nervous system.

Influences of Environment-Friendly Additives on Electrochemical Properties of Aluminum Anode Materials in 4 Mol/L KOH Solution

To increase active property of aluminum anode material and decrease its corrosion rate, the effect of urotropine ((CH2)6N4) and saturated Ca (OH)2 environment-friendly additives on electrochemical behaviors of aluminum anode (99.999%) has been investigated by adding urotropine and saturated Ca (OH)2 into 4 mol/L KOH solution. The results show that additive urotropine ((CH2)6N4) can decrease the hydrogen-segregation and can increase activation property of aluminum anode greatly. With 1.0 % (w) of urotropine ((CH2)6N4) and saturated Ca (OH)2 addition in 4mol/L KOH solution, the corrosion current of aluminum anode becomes to minimum; its corrosion-inhibition ratio gets high to 87.3%. At the-1.20 V potential the current density of aluminum anode reaches to 37.7 mA.cm-2; the open circuit potential (Eocp) moves negatively and greatly to-1.815 V.

Influence on Activation Property of Coal Gangue by Calcining Temperature

Influence on activation property of coal gangue by calcining temperature was discussed. The experimental results show that C12A7 and C2S with hydraulic-activity are created in coal gangue calcined at 900 - 950°C which has reasonable pore distribution after hydrating.