ACCRUE—An Integral Index for Measuring Experimental Relevance in Support of Neutronic Model Validation

A key challenge for the introduction of any design changes, e.g., advanced fuel concepts, first-of-a-kind nuclear reactor designs, etc., is the cost of the associated experiments, which are required by law to validate the use of computer models for the various stages, starting from conceptual design, to deployment, licensing, operation, and safety. To achieve that, a criterion is needed to decide on whether a given experiment, past or planned, is relevant to the application of interest. This allows the analyst to select the best experiments for the given application leading to the highest measures of confidence for the computer model predictions. The state-of-the-art methods rely on the concept of similarity or representativity, which is a linear Gaussian-based inner-product metric measuring the angle—as weighted by a prior model parameters covariance matrix—between two gradients, one representing the application and the other a single validation experiment. This manuscript emphasizes the concept of experimental relevance which extends the basic similarity index to account for the value accrued from past experiments and the associated experimental uncertainties, both currently missing from the extant similarity methods. Accounting for multiple experiments is key to the overall experimental cost reduction by prescreening for redundant information from multiple equally-relevant experiments as measured by the basic similarity index. Accounting for experimental uncertainties is also important as it allows one to select between two different experimental setups, thus providing for a quantitative basis for sensor selection and optimization. The proposed metric is denoted by ACCRUE, short for Accumulative Correlation Coefficient for Relevance of Uncertainties in Experimental validation. Using a number of criticality experiments for highly enriched fast metal systems and low enriched thermal compound systems with accident tolerant fuel concept, the manuscript will compare the performance of the ACCRUE and basic similarity indices for prioritizing the relevance of a group of experiments to the given application.

Numerosities and Other Magnitudes in the Brains: A Comparative View

The ability to represent, discriminate, and perform arithmetic operations on discrete quantities (numerosities) has been documented in a variety of species of different taxonomic groups, both vertebrates and invertebrates. We do not know, however, to what extent similarity in behavioral data corresponds to basic similarity in underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we review evidence for magnitude representation, both discrete (countable) and continuous, following the sensory input path from primary sensory systems to associative pallial territories in the vertebrate brains. We also speculate on possible underlying mechanisms in invertebrate brains and on the role played by modeling with artificial neural networks. This may provide a general overview on the nervous system involvement in approximating quantity in different animal species, and a general theoretical framework to future comparative studies on the neurobiology of number cognition.

Phenomenological Approaches in the Theory of Architecture in the Context of Modern Cognitive Science

The article is a fragment of the scientific research devoted to the analysis of mod­ern approaches to the understanding of architecture. It considers the problems of phenomenological approach to architecture. Applied to architectural issues, the phenomenological approach can be considered as very productive and promising, but only as it appears to be practiced by K. Norberg-Schulz and J. Pallasmaa. The article notes the fundamental unity of views, which is demonstrated by repre­sentatives of the phenomenological approach, despite the individual speci­ficity of the each representative’s position. Probably, the integrity and depth of the phe­nomenological concept (in its “primordial form”) is consonant with the comp­rehensiveness of each individual act of perception. The author also draws atten­tion to the significant circumstance, that the phenomenological approach is in fundamentally irreconcilable contradiction (conceptual and methodological) to the numerous attempts by “architectural semiotics and structuralists” to explain the whole by breaking it up into “semantic fragments”. He analyzes the corre­lation between the position of representatives of the phenomenological approach to architecture and scientific views in the sphere of modern psychology and ana­lytical philosophy. The article notes the basic similarity of the phenomeno­logical concept with M. Polanyi’s theory of “tacit knowledge”, in which those kinds of knowledge (and also practical skills) are considered and which cannot be formal­ized (partially or completely) for the purpose of transferring to others. The author also offers for consideration the introduction of concept of “pheno­menology of semi-instinctive behavior in its dynamic formation”.

Quorum alleviating Molecules- A Review

The hindrance of quorum sensing is generally indicated to as quorum quenching. A few compounds have been combined to intrude on quorum sensing articulation by echoing AHL particles, N-acyl-3-amino-5H furanone, a synthetic analogue of N-AHL viably keeps the receipt of signal atom by obstructing its receptor Lux R protein. AHL controlled quorum sensing can be distressed by various methods, for example, lessening the movement of AHL cognate receptor protein or AHL synthase, hindering the creation of QS signal molecules, degradation of the AHL, and mimicking the signal atoms by utilizing their synthetic analogs. Additionally, obstruction of sensing signal transduction can be accomplished by utilizing an opponent particle equipped for contending or meddling with the local AHL motion for endorsed entry to the LUXR-type receptor. Competitive inhibitors are basically like the local AHL signal and can bind to and involve the AHL restricting site yet will fail to enact the LuxR-type receptor. The non-competitive inhibitors indicate almost no basic similarity to AHL signals and these particles bind to various locales on the receptor protein. A variety of natural Quorum quenching molecules have been identified.

Anomalies and Continuities: Positivism and Historicism on Inequality

The idea of a “new gilded age” depends on a model of history in which the tension between inequality and solidarity takes the form of a binary oscillation (often resting on a positivist social scientific form of reasoning), in turn creating the appearance of basic similarity between separate unequal periods. Under this view, however, it is difficult to make sense of the fundamentally different origins of inequality prevailing in 1890 and 2010. Instead, this article argues, historians ought to treat history cumulatively—that is, historically—finding the origins of inequality not in the previous unequal period, but in the previous solidaristic period, and tracing the connections between one period and another rather than viewing them as ideal-typical opposites.

A New Fuzzy Logic-Based Similarity Measure Applied to Large Gap Imputation for Uncorrelated Multivariate Time Series

The completion of missing values is a prevalent problem in many domains of pattern recognition and signal processing. Analyzing data with incompleteness may lead to a loss of power and unreliable results, especially for large missing subsequence(s). Therefore, this paper aims to introduce a new approach for filling successive missing values in low/uncorrelated multivariate time series which allows managing a high level of uncertainty. In this way, we propose using a novel fuzzy weighting-based similarity measure. The proposed method involves three main steps. Firstly, for each incomplete signal, the data before a gap and the data after this gap are considered as two separated reference time series with their respective query windowsQbandQa. We then find the most similar subsequence (Qbs) to the subsequence before this gapQband the most similar one (Qas) to the subsequence after the gapQa. To find these similar windows, we build a new similarity measure based on fuzzy grades of basic similarity measures and on fuzzy logic rules. Finally, we fill in the gap with average values of the window followingQbsand the one precedingQas. The experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in case of multivariate time series having low/noncorrelated data but effective information on each signal.

AKIBAT HUKUM PEMBATALAN PENDAFTARAN MEREK TERHADAP HAK PENERIMA LISENSI MEREK MENURUT UU NO. 15 TAHUN 2001

Trade globalization has made trade mark becomes very important, especially in relation to a fair business competition. A trade mark is a sign that functions as a distinguished from those of others, quality guarantee and source of origin. Owner of a trade mark registered reserves exclusive right to use that trade mark for a period of time or may grant permission to other parties to use the trade mark. Permission to other parties should be given through a letter of agreement for permission to use (not transfer of ownership) that trade mark for a certain period of time, and this is accordingly called licence. Registration of a trade mark in the general list of trade mark can be cancelled upon request with an argument that the trade mark has a basic similarity with a previously registered trade mark, or the registration was made for cruel intention. This paper discusses licence and cancellation of a trademark, as well as the consequences of trade mark cancellation for the licensee. Cancellation of a trade mark registration results in termination of a trade mark license agreement, but the licensee may reserve his right until the completion of agreement period.Key words : exclusive right, license agreement, licensee