ON THE ISSUE OF ROAD AND CLIMATE ZONING OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

The article presents the principles of road-climatic zoning of any mountain region. Only in each specific case, depending on the location of the area in latitude, the type of vertical natural belts, it is necessary to specify the boundaries of road and climatic zones in height. The above proposals for assigning certain areas of the territory of the republic to a particular natural and climatic zone do not apply to those areas where there is a continuous occurrence of stony or stony soils in the upper layers. For such sections, an individual approach to the design of road structures should be applied in each specific case. Road-climatic zoning is the most effective way to refine the characteristics of soils, providing a significant improvement in the quality of design and construction of the roadbed.

Analysis of Climate-Oriented Researches in Building

Many factors and aspects of the construction and operation of buildings depend on climatic parameters and climatic zones, so these will be fundamental for adapting and mitigating the effects of climate change. For this reason, the number of climate-oriented publications in building is increasing. This research presents an analysis on the most-cited climate-oriented studies in building in the period 1979–2019. The main themes, the typologies of these investigations and the principal types of climatic zoning used in these studies were analysed through bibliographic and manual analysis. A broad spectrum of themes directly and indirectly related to climate and climatic zones and buildings was demonstrated. It was found that 88% of all climate-oriented investigations, to one degree or another, are within the scope of the general topic of energy conservation. A thorough understanding of all climate-dependent aspects will help in designing dwellings appropriately in different climate zones. In addition, a methodology that facilitates the establishment of a typology of climate-oriented research is presented. This typology can be used in future research in different scientific areas. It was also revealed that the climate zones of the National Building Codes of China, the USA and Turkey prevailed in the studies analysed.

Climatic zoning for the building thermal design in China's rural areas

Building climatic zoning is a prerequisite for implementing building energy efficiency technology, which can help code makers and architects have an accurate understanding of the local climatic conditions. It takes the extreme monthly average temperature as the zoning index in the existing climatic zoning of rural areas in China. There will be unreasonable design phenomena of insufficient or excessive thermal insulation for a building envelope in rural areas. Aiming at the above problems, this paper modifies the current zoning. This research established the cooling and heating degree-day indexes HDD14 and CDD30 based on the thermal comfort characteristics of rural occupants and used the threshold method to subdivide rural areas into eight sub-zones. The results show that the problem of insufficient or excessive thermal insulation in rural areas can be effectively solved by replacing the extreme monthly average temperature index with the degree day index and the annual cumulative building load can be reduced by 6.4% on average without increasing the insulation cost. After more detailed zoning, the variance within the group is reduced and it accurately describes climate diversity, which is conducive to implementing climate-responsive energy-saving design in each subzone. Practical application: The major purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of unreasonable climate zone boundaries specified in the existing Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Rural Residential Buildings. The existing zoning has led to conflicts between the actual heating demand and the building envelope thermal parameter limits specified in the standard. This work redefines the boundaries of the existing map using more up-to-date weather data to provide the right guidance for architectural designers.

Analysis of reliability of contact network devices on the Yekaterinburg-Chelyabinsk section

Damage to the contact network negatively affects the movement of trains: 70 % of failures lead to their delays. Breaks in the movement are more than an hour and in some cases reach three to four hours. The article analyzes reliability and failures of contact network devices on the South Ural Railway. The statistical data of failures of contact network devices from 2018 to 2019 are given, the nature of failures of technical means is determined. According to the map of climatic zoning, the share ratio of icy regions of the Russian Federation and branches of JSC «Russian Railways» is given. The sections of the Yekaterinburg - Chelyabinsk section are identified by climatic regions, which allows us to conduct a statistical analysis of failures in the selected sections associated with ice formation.

Climate Zones of the Asphalt Binder Performance for the Highway Pavement Design

The asphalt pavement is exposed to the natural environment, which is affected by Climate change such as temperature, rain, ultraviolet, and other environmental conditions. This study aimed to establish the asphalt binder performance of Yemen so that the asphalt pavement can be designed to resist the distresses of rutting and cracking that occurred due to seasonal temperature changes and rainfall. The first step of determining the binder performance is to establish high and low temperatures, as well as rainfall because the asphalt binder is a temperature and rainfall sensitive viscoelastic material. To study the climatic zoning of asphalt pavement in Yemen, the data of temperature and rainfall in 19 provinces of Yemen in the past 10 years were collected and comprehensively analyzed, and the variations laws of them were analyzed. According to the Chinese approach, the climatic zoning of Yemen's asphalt pavement was divided. The moisture temperature coefficient was introduced, and its probability distribution state was also analyzed. The standard of the moisture temperature coefficient was suggested and the asphalt pavement climate zones based on the moisture temperature coefficient were determined. The results indicated that the main influencing factors of asphalt pavement in Yemen were the temperature rise and rainfall, and the climate zones of asphalt pavement were divided into different zones such as 1-2-1, 2-2-2, 1-2-2, and 3-1-2. According to the principle of equal probability, the moisture temperature coefficient was found to be 18, and the asphalt pavement climate zoning map was drawn. The findings of this study are highly significant and provide valuable decision support for pavement management and improve the transportation system. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091613 Full Text: PDF