Monetary Neutrality with Sticky Prices and Free Entry

Monetary policy is neutral even with fixed prices if free entry determines product variety optimally, as in Dixit and Stiglitz (1977). Entry substitutes for price flexibility in the welfare-based price index when individual prices are sticky. In response to aggregate demand expansions, the intensive (quantity produced of each good) and extensive (number of goods being produced) margins move in offsetting ways, leaving aggregate production unchanged. Price stickiness thus generates deviations from monetary neutrality only in conjunction with entry frictions: when variety is not optimally determined (preferences are not Dixit-Stiglitz), or when entry is subject to sunk costs and lags. Wage stickiness, instead, implies non-neutrality even in the frictionless-entry benchmark.

Forward-Backward Correlations and Multiplicity Fluctuations in Pb–Pb Collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV from ALICE at the LHC

This paper presents a comparative study of forward-backward correlations and multiplicity fluctuations in experimental data and in HIJING Monte Carlo simulations of Pb–Pb collisions at s NN = 2 . 76 TeV. The analysis focuses on two observables: the forward-backward correlation coefficient b c o r r n - n and the strongly intensive quantity Σ . Results are discussed in the context of the dependence on centrality estimator and influence of event-by-event fluctuations of the geometry of the Pb–Pb collisions on the measured quantities.

Strongly intensive fluctuations and correlations in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions in the model with string fusion

The several types of strongly intensive correlation variables are studied in nuclear collisions at LHC energy. These quantities are expected not to depend on centrality class width. They have been calculated in the dipole-based parton-string Monte Carlo model with string fusion. The centrality dependence of the mean transverse momentum correlation coefficient and strongly intensive quantity Σ between multiplicity and PT have been obtained. Dynamical charge fluctuation vdyn has been also calculated and compared with experimental data. It is shown that string fusion improves agreement with the experiment.

Variational principles of continuum — to the memory of István Gyarmati

The variational principle, which allows the deduction of the basic equation system of continuum mechanics from the local form of Gyarmati’s integral principle is presented in this paper. Following the approach of irreversible thermodynamics, the principle the kinetic energy is described like the fundamental equation of thermodynamics as the internal energy change, namely intensive quantity multiplied by the changing of extensive quantity. As the internal energy is objective so that is an independent quantity from the coordinate system, this description to the internal energy can be done. However, the kinetic energy is coordinate-dependent quantity. To resolve this contradiction the stress tensor can be divided into elastic and dissipative stress components by using the laws of thermodynamics.

Invariance of Ratio: The Case of Children's Anticipatory Scheme for Constancy of Taste

In this article we study the concept of invariance of ratio through an investigation of children's understanding of constancy of taste—that is, the notion that random samples of a given mixture taste the same—using a device that does not resort to conventional symbolism. The paper begins with a definition of constancy of taste and other quantitative analogues. Then it presents a theoretical analysis of how constancy of taste may emerge from the child's additive world and grow into a conception where taste becomes an intensive quantity. The analysis suggests that one's conception of taste constancy is linked in a fundamental way to one's conception of invariance of ratio. Following this analysis, the paper reports a study that demonstrates the absence of taste constancy among sixth-grade children. More specifically, the study shows that sixth-grade children base their judgment of the relative strength of the taste of two samples from the same mixture on at least one of three (extraneous) variables: the relative volumes of the samples to be tasted, whether the mixture is thought of as consisting of a single ingredient or more than one ingredient, and the relative amount of the ingredients stated in the problem.