The Development of Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and the Role of Digital Ecosystems During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have been the backbone of Indonesia's economy for over 100 years. There is nearly 64-million-unit business, with 98% of the market share belonging to the micro-business and 52% categorized as informal. Despite the uncertainty created by the prolonged crisis, a path of recovery is happening in the SME sector. Continuous effort to support SMEs has been planned include mapping out a cluster program. This chapter illustrates challenges and types of resilience and cluster issues facing SMEs that need to be resolved to prepare SMEs for recovery, and one of them is information technology. For many businesses, including SMEs, participation in the digital economy is the key to greater resiliency. The development of SMEs in Indonesia is an interesting topic with an actual illustration of the recent trends of Asian countries' economies and businesses in the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Efektivitas Program Klaster Bank Indonesia Terhadap Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Cabai Kelompok Juli Tani, Desa Sidodadi, Kecamatan Beringin, Kabupaten Deli Serdang

Juli Tani Group is a farmer group that received the cluster program from Bank Indonesia of Sumatera Utara for the red chili commodity. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Bank Indonesia Cluster Program on the income level of chili farmers in the Juli Tani Group in Sidodadi Village, Beringin District, Deli Serdang Regency. The data used are primary data obtained directly from the sample of red chili farmers in Juli Tani Group using a questionnaire. Determination of the sample in this study using the Slovin method with a total sample of 52 respondents. Analysis of the data used in this research were (1) Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Cluster Program (2) Analysis of farm business income, to determine whether farming is profitable or not economically, the researcher uses Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C Ratio) then (3) uses non-statistical parametric with the Spearman Rank correlation test. Based on the research results, it was known that the Bank Indonesia cluster program is very effective in increasing the income of chili farmers in the Juli Tani Group in Sidodadi Village, Beringin District, Deli Serdang Regency with an average farmer income of Rp 117,404,895 per growing season.

Pedagogical support of the “creative cluster” in bachelors’ online education

The article highlights the issues of solving educational, methodological and organizational tasks of integrating the disciplines of the art cycle under the auspices of the creative cluster in the distance education of bachelors. The article includes a description of the concept of “creative cluster” in the context of our research, which in the educational sphere takes the form of a cluster of creatively oriented technologies aimed at studying the disciplines of the artistic cycle. The problems of the formation of students’ motivation for artistic-applied, scientific-research and self-educational activities were also studied in the article. This problem is especially relevant in the presence of high speeds of information transfer in an integrated distance learning course. The features of pedagogical support for the generation of creative ideas in the information space during distance learning, the conditions for the implementation of the cluster program block with the use of distance educational technologies, the types of distance learning are considered. The educational and methodological content of the creative cluster module includes educational technologies of painting, drawing and sculpture. The block-modular system integrates the progressive movement of educational content.

Comparison of the development of cluster and non-cluster models of corn farming

Corn is the potential commodity in Grobogan Regency. Considering that potential, Bank Indonesia, in cooperation with the Government of Grobogan, creates the development program of corn cluster. The selected area was Gapoktan Sido Murni in Tambakselo Village. However, there was an area with the same potential that doesn’t have a cluster development program, which is Gapoktan Sido Manunggal in Dokoro Village. Therefore this research aims compare the income, profit, and feasibility of corn farming. The number of respondents was 20 farmers in each village and was determined by a non-random sampling. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that farmers of Gapoktan Sido Murni earned an average income of IDR 11,724,722 and a profit of IDR 7,917,851. Meanwhile, farmers in Gapoktan Sido Manunggal earned an average income of IDR 9,740,915 and a profit of IDR 5,991,161. The R/C in Gapoktan Sido Murni was 1.9 while Gapoktan Sido Manunggal had 1.6, land productivity in Gapoktan Sido Murni was IDR 9,928,684/Ha/season and Gapoktan Sido Manunggal was IDR 7,991,161/Ha/season, and capital productivity in Gapoktan Sido Murni 148% and Dokoro 104%. Based on the feasibility analyses, Gapoktan Sido Murni had a higher feasibility value than Gapoktan Sido Manunggal; thus, the corn cluster program is worth developing.

PARTISIPASI PETANI DALAM PROGRAM KLASTER PERTANIAN MODERN DI KECAMATAN TAWANGSARI, KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO

<p>Farmers’participation is importantly studied to improve farmers’involvement of agricultural program. Objectives of this research were 1) to study about level of farmers’ participation of modern agricultural cluster program, 2) to study about factors which affected farmers’ participation, 3) to study about correlation between factors which affected the participation and level of farmers’participation. This research used quantitative method with technique of survey. The location that was chosen in Tawangsari district. The population of this research was farmers which were incorporated a combined farmers’ group, Tani Mandiri. This research used technique of proportional random sampling and the respondents were taken sixty farmers from each farmers’ group. The data on this research was shown with likert scale and testing the correlation used analysis of rank spearman. The result showed 1) farmers’ participation was included in high category. Planning, monitoring and evaluation and utilization of the result that included in high category, whereas for the implementation included in low category 2) the factors which consisted of education level and group communication’s behavior included in the lowest category. Number of family, cosmopolitan nature, time allocation, intensity of following the program socialization included in low category. Experience of farming business included in high category 3) the correlation test showed the factors which significantly related to farmers’ participation were education level, cosmopolitan nature, group communication’s behavior, and intensity of following the program socialization. The related factors which were not significant with farmers’participation were number of family, experience of farming business, and time allocation.</p><p> </p>

Population-based study on axial ocular dimensions and corneal astigmatism

As cataract surgery has evolved over 50 years, there have been changes in the current clinical ophthalmic practice to improve safety and efficacy in order to achieve perfect postoperative outcomes. Since the 1990s, technological advances such as ocular biometry, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens (IOL) formulas, as well as many others, have undergone numerous incremental upgrades aiming to produce predictable and reproducible quality results. However, the financial burden of adopting all these proven yet costly technologies in ophthalmological practice, especially in rural areas, has to be justified. In this issue, an epidemiological study on ocular biometrics conducted by the Ministry of Health at the Kuala Pilah Cluster Program has shed some light on a possible strategy to incorporate advanced tools and technology into our public service.