FAIR-ifying the Exposome Journal: Templates for Chemical Structures and Transformations

The exposome, the totality of lifetime exposures, is a new and highly complex paradigm for health and disease. Tackling this challenge requires an effort well beyond single individuals or laboratories, where every piece of the puzzle will be vital. The launch of this new Exposome journal coincides with the evolution of the exposome through its teenage years and into a growing maturity in an increasingly open and FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) world. This letter discusses how both authors and the Exposome journal alike can help increase the FAIRness of the chemical structural information and the associated metadata in the journal, aiming to capture more details about the chemistry of exposomics. The proposed chemical structure template can serve as an interoperable supplementary format that is made accessible through the website and more findable by linking the DOI of this data file to the article DOI metadata, supporting further reuse. An additional Transformations template provides authors with a means to connect predecessor (parent, substrate) molecules to successor (transformation product, metabolite) molecules and thus provide FAIR connections between observed (i.e., experimental) chemical exposures and biological responses, to help improve the public knowledgebase on exposome-related transformations. These connections are vital to extend current biochemical knowledge and to fulfil the current Exposome definition of “the cumulative measure of environmental influences and associated biological responses throughout the lifespan including exposures from the environment, diet, behaviour, and endogenous processes”.

Conceptual Study of Garbhini Paricharya as per Harita Samhita

God has blessed the females with most valuable gift of motherhood. Ayurveda is the science which offers a specific routine to the pregnant woman and systematic supervision known as Garbhini Paricharya as pregnant woman’s diet and activities performed during the period of pregnancy reflect on the fetus. Hence in Ayurveda, our Acharyas have given great emphasis on Garbhini Paricharya or Antenatal care. Acharyas have thrown an immense light on the concept of type of diet, behaviour, conduct, medications during pregnancy that a pregnant woman should follow and avoid, known as Garbhini Paricharya. Basic objective of Garbhini Paricharya depicted in Ayurveda is to achieve a healthy progeny as well as to ensure the good health of mother and fetus during the period of pregnancy, during labor and in the postpartum period. In this paper we have described the monthly dietary regimen and lifestyle for whole nine months of pregnancy that is essential for the wellbeing of the growing fetus and pregnant woman according to Harita Samhita as well as the scientific aspects of the antenatal care. As antenatal care should be done in an integrated way i.e., as per modern science and as mentioned in Ayurvedic classics.

Development and Validation of a Sustainable Diet Index among Malaysian Adults: Protocol

Adopting a sustainable diet is an alternative to address the pandemics of obesity, undernutrition and climate change that are threatening human health. Sustainable diet considers the health aspect as well as the environmental impact of diets. There is a scarcity of research on sustainable diet and lack validated tools for its measurement. This article aimed to describe the protocol on the development and validation of a Sustainable Diet Index (SDI) among Malaysian adults. A Sustainable Diet Index (SDI) was developed based on previous studies and available dietary guidelines on sustainable diet. Five indicators (rice, animal-based food, plant-based food, food waste and packaging) were included in the SDI. The index will be validated among Malaysian adults using mobile food record as the dietary assessment tool. The index has the potential to measure the level of healthy and sustainable diet behaviour of an individual. The use of mobile food record provides images of each eating occasion for the evaluation of serving size and the information on waste management. Health and environmental impacts from the diet can be evaluated through the integration of all indicators in the SDI. The index developed is novel and expected to provide a feasible measurement to assess the level of sustainable diet of an individual.

Hành vi chế độ ăn lành mạnh và một số yếu tố liên quan trong nhóm vị thành niên tại Việt Nam năm 2019

Unhealthy diet behavior contributed to a risk factor for the reasons of non-comunicable diseases. Increasing in unhealthy eating habits among adolecenses such as skipping breakfast, consumption of soft drinks and fast food can cause for the situation of obesity in young people group that is a concerning problem nowadays. Objectives: the study aim to describe the situation of unhealthy diet behaviors and its related factors among adolecenses in Hanoi in 2019. Methods: a cross-sectional study design was conducted from July 2019 to May 2020. A total of 1770 adolescenses aged from 16 to 18 at 15 high schools in 5 districts in Hanoi were selected in this study. Results: The results showed that a half of participants in this study had a reasonable and healthy diet. Approximately one fouth of adolecenses had a behaviors of drinking milk 4 times per week, only 45% of adolecenses had a daily breakfast. Gender and smoking behaviour were found a significant related to healthy diet behaviour among adolecense. Conclusions: In order to maintain a healthy diet behaviour in young people group, it is necessary to enhance the IEC campaign for adolecenses to follow and keep a reasonable and health diet such as having a daily breakfast, eating vegetables, reducing salty and fatty in their meals. Keywords: Risk behaviour, healthy/unhealthy diet, adolecenses, Vietnam…

Comparative analysis of the helminth fauna of Dasypus hybridus and Chaetophractus villosus (Xenarthra: Cingulata) in the Pampas region, Argentina

Chaetophractus villosus and Dasypus hybridus are the most widespread and abundant armadillos inhabiting the Pampas grasslands. Studies on the parasitic fauna from an ecological perspective are scarce in both species. We describe and compare the component communities of C. villosus and D. hybridus in the Pampas ecoregion of Argentina and analyse if the composition and structure of the parasitic communities of these host species reveal trophic behaviour and/or habitat use. In the population of C. villosus 10 species of helminths were found, namely Ancylostoma caninum, Aspidodera fasciata, Aspidodera scoleciformis, Mazzia bialata, Moennigia celinae, Orihelia anticlava, Strongyloides sp., Trichohelix tuberculata (Nematoda) and Mathevotaenia sp. (Cestoda), whereas in the population of D. hybridus four species were found, A. fasciata, Delicata abbai, Pterygodermatites chaetophracti and Strongyloides sp. Only A. fasciata and Strongyloides sp. were present in both species. Prevalences and intensities were similar in Strongyloides sp. In A. fasciata, however, there were differences regarding mean intensity. Diversity was higher in C. villosus than in D. hybridus. The differences may be related to the diet, behaviour, evolutionary histories or immune response of the species studied. A combination of several of these factors would possibly influence the composition of their parasitic fauna.

Grey-headed Swamphen (Porphyrio poliocephalus Latham, 1801).

This chapter describes the common terminologies, taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, physiology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, habitats, ecology, invasion pathways, environmental impact, control and human use of the grey-headed swamphen (Porphyrio poliocephalus).

Northern Red Bishop (Euplectes franciscanus Isert 1789).

This chapter describes the common terminologies, taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, physiology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, habitats, ecology, invasion pathways, environmental impact, control and human use of the northern red bishop (Euplectes franciscanus).

Brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater Boddaert, 1783).

This chapter describes the common terminologies, taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, physiology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, habitats, ecology, invasion pathways, environmental impact, control and human use of the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater).

Shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis Gmelin, 1788).

This chapter describes the common terminologies, taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, physiology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, habitats, ecology, invasion pathways, environmental impact, control and human use of the shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis).

Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus Boddaert, 1783).

This chapter describes the common terminologies, taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, physiology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, habitats, ecology, invasion pathways, environmental impact, control and human use of the monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus).