A Contextual Study of Regulatory Framework for Blockchain

This study seeks to understand and explain the technological and regulatory challenges of blockchain technology particularly in execution mechanism of smart contracts as compared to regular contracts and to explore legal implication attached the blockchain technology. While evaluating the early days of regulatory framework of blockchain, the current study provides a focused review of relevant studies to identify the legal challenges arising from the application of AI in smart contracts and to find solutions to overcome these challenges. The study has emphasized certain areas related to the blockchain such as AI application and execution of smart contracts and finds that that there is currently a lack of legal certainty as to how various requirements of a valid contract would be satisfied. Hence, it highlights the need of regulation without disrupting the key yet essential features of blockchain. Keywords: Blockchain, Smart contract, AI, Framework, Legislation, Cryptocurrency

The Legal Implication of Political Defection on Nigeria’s Democracy

The prevalence of cross-carpeting in Nigerian politics continues to threaten the consolidation of democracy in the country. It is strengthened by the proliferation of political parties devoid of entrenched ideology or political philosophy besides attaining political and economic powers. The unusually delayed justice in defection related matters sometimes occasioned by the pile of cases before the scanty judicial umpire in the country is another block of stumbling over. The technical approach of these umpires to cases of defection or constitutional matters may not be far from being a cloak on the wheel of justice. While the elected executives at the detriment of their electorates enjoyed the freedom of assembly and association in changing their political parties after the election, the exercise of the same right by the elected members of legislative houses are subjected to certain occurrences in justification or else vacate their seats on the pronouncement of their respective leaders in the house. This historical political menace persistently thrives in the country's fledgling democracy without adequate legal instruments for effective redress. Through the conceptual approach, the study reveals that the elected executives persistently swindle the mandate of their voters with impunity while the principal officers of the parliaments freely decide who remains or exits the house on the ground of defection. It is clear that the Nigerian Anti Defection Law is inadequate in the changing political landscape of the country. This paper recommends a law reform to affect some enactments, particularly in the Constitution whereby machinery for the vacation of a seat in the parliament after defection can be beyond the powers of the principal officers, which is necessary for the attainment of socio-political orders in the country.

Socio-legal Implication of Legalising Same-Sex Marriage in Cultural Yoruba Society, Osun State, Nigeria

Previous studies on same-sex marriage have only examined the discourse of same-sex marriage through the lens of religion, morality and philosophy. Others include political and human rights perspective in Nigeria with paucity of research on socio-legal dimension. Therefore, this paper assesses the socio-legal consequences that are plausible with the legalisation of same-sex marriage in cultural Yoruba society. The exploratory design was employed with a total of 20 respondents (community and traditional leaders and law enforcement officers) recruited through purposive and convenience recruitment strategies. The semistructure interview approach was used for data collection and the NVivo (v. 12) qualitative software was employed in identifying themes from the transcripts interview. The study reveals a range of perception about same-sex marriage including exposure to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) as well as HIV/AIDS, and the challenge of procreation which remains a sacrosanct need of marriage. Social implication reveals a taboo to existing cultural tradition, norms, values and customs of the Yoruba cultural society and a blasphemy to religion which can trigger societal unrest. The legal implication uncovered include that same sex exudes a danger to public morality, with 14 years imprisonments for offenders and 10 years for accomplices. The analysis takes the position of the constitution of gender ministry by the Osun State government where issues of same-sex marriage can be effectively addressed for the sanity of the cultural Yoruba.

Due to the Legal Uncertainty of Notary in the Making of a Copy of Assets That Don’t Comply with the Minute of Assets

The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. The position of the copy notary deed, which originally could be used as perfect evidence, becomes imperfect because the copy of the deed doesn’t sound the same as the original deed, so that the copy of the deed doesn’t meet the formal and material requirements of the deed making procedure. This can result in the copy of the deed being declared null and void. The legal implication of an agreement where a copy of the notary deed doesn’t sound the same as the minimum deed, namely: the agreement can also be declared null and void as long as there is an agreement from the parties to cancel it because it results in losses for the parties and contains elements of error and fraud.

International environmental law and its legal implication

The objective of the work is to offer a reflection of the place that international environmental law occupies as and its influence so that, at the internal level of the countries, binding norms are adopted, in the interest of environmental protection. The relevance of environmental law consists of the need to achieve regulatory solutions, to the pressure to which environmental systems are subjected. It is necessary to regulate the behaviors that imply consequences on the environment, to be managed through the law as legal norms that ensure respect for nature and achieve sustainable development. The analysis is carried out in a temporary context of 30 years, since the branch of law emerged on an international scale, with the constitutional movement in some Latin American countries and especially in Ecuador. For this, the comparative legal method was applied and the Desk Research method of investigation was used for the bibliographic review. The influence of international norms for the current development of Ecuadorian environmental law is exposed.

Problematika Pengujian Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Mahkamah Agung ( Kajian Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 65 P/HUM/2018)

The Supreme Court (MA) decided that candidates for members of the Regional Representative Council (DPD) from political party administrators for the 2019 Election were still allowed, even though previously the Constitutional Court (MK) had banned it (Decision No. This conflict is due to differences in interpreting the timing of the implementation of the ongoing 2019 Election stage process. The Constitutional Court stated that the decision was enforced since the 2019 Election and this was not retroactive. Because it is still at the Provisional Candidate List (DCS) stage, so it is possible to change regulations. Meanwhile, the Supreme Court considers that the Constitutional Court's decision must be enforced after the 2019 Election or apply in the future (prospective), because the stages have been running, so that changes in requirements can be made The legal implication that occurs is that there is legal uncertainty for the General Election Commission (KPU) to follow which decision. To solve this problem can be used the doctrine of validity (enforceability of norms). The existence of a hierarchy of legal products being tested and a basis for testing certainly has a legal consequence of the existence of a hierarchy of norm validity in the decisions of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court. When there is a conflict between the Supreme Court decision and the Constitutional Court, the verdict with the basis and object of examination in the hierarchy of laws and regulations that is higher, namely the Constitutional Court decision, has a higher validity than the Supreme Court decision. So that problems like this do not exist anymore, testing of laws and regulations should only be carried out by one institution, namely the Constitutional Court.