Purification of polyclonal Immunoglobulin G from human serum using LigaGuardTM and LigaTrapTM adsorbents

This study presents the chromatographic purification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from human plasma using a two-column process integrating the peptide-based adsorbents LigaGuardTM, which captures non-Ig plasma proteins in flow-through mode, and LigaTrapTM, which isolates IgG in bind-and-elute. Buffer composition and column loading were optimized for both adsorbents. Two process configurations were evaluated. In the first design, plasma was fed to a LigaGuardTM column to capture plasma proteins, the effluent was loaded on the LigaTrapTM column, and the bound IgG was eluted with 63.8% global recovery and 99.7% purity; in comparison, Protein G agarose afforded ~67% recovery and 97.2% purity. In the alternative design, the LigaGuardTM column was utilized to polish the LigaTrapTM elution stream, affording 82.3% global recovery and 98.8% purity. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of a fully chromatographic process for purifying polyclonal IgG from plasma feedstocks.

Fixed-bed Column Dynamics of Ultrasound and Na-functionalized Diatomite to Remove Phosphate from Water

A continuous fixed-bed column study has been used to evaluate phosphate adsorption performance of U-D-Na which was functionalized by the cheap NaCl reagent after simple ultrasonic purification of diatomite. Experimentally, various effect factors, the flow rate, the initial phosphate concentration, and the bed height on breakthrough time of fixed column were studied. Experimental results showed that the breakthrough time declined with the increase of inlet phosphorous concentration and feed rate, whereas the increase of bed height turned out to significantly prolong the breakthrough time. The dynamic adsorption data could better be fitted by the Thomas model, with the correlation coefficients obtained, R2 > 0.9000 at the majority of operating conditions (5/7). At least thrice loop of adsorption and desorption was achieved with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid eluent and deionized water. The results proved that U-D-Na could be used as a better alternative phosphate adsorbent from wastewater in a continuous column process.

Study of the Process of Wastewater Treatment with Activated Caron from Dimethylamine and Dimethylformamide in their Joint Presence

The regularities and mechanism of adsorption of dimethylformamide and dimethylamine by industrial activated carbon in their joint presence from aqueous solutions are considered. The characteristics of equilibrium adsorption, the limiting stage, and the mass transfer coefficient have been determined. The main parameters of the adsorption column process and the mode of continuous cleaning are calculated by the method of mathematical modeling.

Evidence that horizontal moisture advection regulates the ubiquitous amplification of rainfall variability over tropical oceans

The column moist static energy (MSE) budget equation approximates the processes associated with column moistening and drying in the tropics, and is therefore predictive of precipitation amplification and decay. We use ERA-I and TRMM 3B42 data to investigate day-to-day convective variability and distinguish the roles of horizontal MSE (or moisture) advection versus vertical advection, sources, and sinks. Over tropical convergence zones, results suggest that horizontal moisture advection is a primary driver of day-to-day precipitation fluctuations; when drying via horizontal moisture advection is smaller (greater) than Chikira’s “column process,” precipitation tends to amplify (decay). In the absence of horizontal moisture advection, precipitation tends to increase spontaneously almost universally through a positive column process feedback. This bulk positive feedback is characterized by negative effective gross moist stability (GMS), which is maintained throughout the tropical convergence zones. How this positive feedback is achieved varies geographically, depending on the shape of vertical velocity (omega) profiles. In regions where omega profiles are top-heavy, the effective GMS is negative primarily owing to strong feedbacks between convection and diabatic MSE sources (radiative and surface fluxes). In these regions, vertical MSE advection stabilizes the atmosphere (positive vertical GMS). Where omega profiles are bottom-heavy, by contrast, a positive feedback is primarily driven by import of MSE through a shallow circulation (negative vertical GMS). The diabatic feedback and vertical GMS are in a see-saw balance, offsetting one another. Our results suggest that ubiquitous convective variability is amplified by the same mechanism as moisture-mode instability.