Sherman Act 1890: Modernization and Impact on Markets

The major purpose of the Sherman Act was to prevent mergers from forming monopolies. It ensures consumers are protected from price discrimination, and there is free competition. Several economists, classical economists, neoclassical economists, Chicago school and Harvard school, pointed out several antitrust laws. Classical economists led by Smith argued that monopolists set prices at higher prices and raise their charges higher through understocking the markets hence corporations and mergers should be prevented. Neoclassical economists developed a model which assumes that there are no barriers to entry whereby there is free entry to the market. Harvard school also advocated for free competition. Either, the Chicago school was against the idea of free competition and proposed some acts from the antitrust laws to be removed. However, with advancements in technology, the Sherman Act has become outdated and some languages used are held, making it a challenge to interpret in courts. There is a need for the antitrust laws to be reformed to fit the changing technology. Bills should be proposed to make improvements to the acts. For example, Klobuchar Amy, in April 2021, proposed a bill seeking to reform antitrust laws to better perfect competition in the American economy.

Problematization of Social Reality in Communicative Practices of Conflict Mobilization in Communities Social Networks in Germany

The results of studying the subject system-communicative dimension of conflict mobilization practices in social networks in Germany in the context of mediatization of politics and postulates of successful conflict communication of the Harvard School of Conflictology are presented in the article. The spheres of social life, characterized from the perspective of observers — members of mobilization communities — as a concentration of problem situations and phenomena are determined. The fact of achieving the planned impact when problematizing fragments of social reality is confirmed by the predominance of solidarity reactions of the addressees. The conclusion is made about the predominant presentation of fragments of social reality as a threat through a direct assessment, an indication of the need for confrontation as the main task of the community, broad calls for struggle and criticism of the opponent; about the dominant reinforced presentation of the assessment to the addressee. The consequences of modern mediation in the political sphere, which are reflected in the practices of conflict mobilization, including the changing characteristics and attitudes of communicants, are described. Mobilization practices are characterized as the practice of institutionalizing protest and conflict resolution. It is shown that the studied discursive practices combine the features of different conflict resolution strategies, re-veal partial deviations from the postulates of successful conflict communication, formulated by representatives of the Harvard School of Conflictology in the concept of “Principled Negotiations”.

The Social Functions of College Drinking: Pregaming, Priming, and Protecting the Liminoid Experience

The Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study has concluded that, on average, one in three college students abuses alcohol regularly. However, while highlighting potential risks, academic literature largely neglects the social functions students derive from consuming alcohol. College represents an important milestone in an individual’s life and is characterized by what Turner (1969) called liminoid experiences, which involve a temporary suspension of social status, at bars, clubs, concerts, festivals, and college parties, often closely connected to alcohol consumption. This paper explores how women students’ practice of “pregaming,” that is, drinking alcohol in smaller groups before attending a social event such as a party, enables individuals to achieve the liminoid state while also providing opportunities to resist potential negative consequences of intoxication. College women use pregaming to build a support network with close friends, enabling them to ensure their physical safety. Beyond the integrity of their bodies, women also ensure that their actions during the liminoid experience of a college party are consistent with ideas they have of their personal identity. Although they temporarily suspend their social and personal identities during college parties, women prevent unwanted permanent changes of their sense of self by holding each other accountable to rules they establish during the pregame.

Advances in lupus research in Latin América

"In this video blog, we will talk with José Gómez-Puerta, head of the Rheumatology Service at the Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, associate professor at the University of Barcelona and master's degree in Public Health from the Harvard School of Public Health, about the research carried out in Latin America on lupus by the GLADEL group and the key messages for patients and families, as well as existing relationships with covid-19." "Lupus is a treatable, controllable disease, where every day better treatment and better markers are being developed for its diagnosis and control. Consult a specialist for any warning sign or symptom out of the ordinary,"" he says."

Leveraging Lawyers’ Strengths and Training Them to Support Team Problem-Solving Under Crisis Conditions

Legal training and expertise equip crisis lawyers with powerful capabilities to help lead in a crisis; yet some of their learned behaviors and tendencies may create significant impediments to successful crisis resolution. In the context of the groundbreaking meta-leadership model developed jointly by scholars at the Harvard School of Public Health and Kennedy School of Government, this chapter discusses how lawyers can successfully cultivate and leverage their legal education, skills, experience, and problem-solving abilities to help lead in a crisis. It also offers suggestions as to how to train lawyers to improve their self-awareness of and help to mitigate against counterproductive activities and reactions that they may exhibit when under stress in a crisis.

Use of Concept-Based eLearning Videos in Interprofessional Education

The purpose of the articles was to describe a narrative review of literature for Concept-based eLearning, which was introduced in the predoctoral interprofessional education (IPE) curriculum to teach key transferable ideas and to consider the context of dental care in the spectrum of comprehensive patient care. The COVID -19 pandemic has further presented a disruption to the usual curriculum, and time to rethink and redesign the interprofessional education course at Harvard School of Dental Medicine (HSDM) with new pedological methods. Concept-based eLearning videos were incorporated into the interprofessional educational courses in order to advance the teaching and learning approaches. It was an attempt to provide student-focused teaching strategies which not only gave students the flexibility to learn at their own pace but also aimed at helping them increase retention and synthesize and apply knowledge. Concept videos were targeted at learning goals and were kept brief and conversational to enhance engagement. The concept-based eLearning facilitated an environment to assist students in developing awareness of interprofessional relations and communications within the health care team. Continued development and evaluation of the concept-based eLearning videos are essential in addition to faculty development efforts to support the new educational methodology.

Critical analysis of Herb-drug interaction and lifestyle disorders

Life stable disease or lifestyle disorder exists in the world since the last century. Socioeconomic advancements, globalization and blurring geographies for trade are the most common causes. Although advances in medicine have eradicated most of the diseases were based on Germ theory that was prevalent in the last century, Present generation has coped with a fresh set of diseases, creatively called “lifestyle diseases” or “Lifestyle disorder” as the name itself suggests, the change in diet and lifestyle are the major causes of these diseases. A study conducted by The Harvard School of Public Health has described that India will lose around $6.2 trillion during the period 2012-30 by lifestyle maladies. And the size of the world Herbal drug market is 83 billion dollars in 2008 and grown to three trillion US dollars in 2050. In spite of such wide acceptability, Herb-drug interactions are the most common lifestyle diseases.

The Goals of Competition Law

The Commerce Act 1986 expressly states its object is to promote “effective or workable competition.” This traditional Harvard School approach has been consistently assailed by big business interests in New Zealand, assisted by a phalanx of “down-under” Chicago School economists and lawyers. Chicagoans have had minor successes in terms of amendments to the principal Act, and some quite notable court victories, but the glittering prize, the overall objective of the Act, has remained unchanged. Chicago won several battles, but lost the war. A major amendment to the Act in 2001, promoted by a Labour government, recast its object to state that its purpose was “to promote competition in markets for the long-term benefit of consumers within New Zealand.” After a quiet period where nothing seemed to have changed, the most recent signs are that a mild preference for consumers is appearing. The chapter also examines the international competitiveness arguments of Michael Porter.