scholarly journals Karakteristik Gelombang Laut pada Rencana Pembangunan Breakwater di Pelabuhan Tanjung Adikarto

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Fitri Suciaty ◽  
Hasan Murtadho
Keyword(s):  
Development Planning ◽  
Wave Transformation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
East Side ◽  
Project Report ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Port Planning ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Design Scenario ◽  
Made In

ABSTRAKDesain breakwater pada pembangunan Pelabuhan Tanjung Adikarto telah beberapa kali mengalami perubahan sejak tahun 2003. Pelaksanaan konstruksi breakwater sisi barat dan sisi timur pada tahun 2007 dan 2008 mengalami kegagalan akibat gelombang tinggi dari Samudera Hindia yang dianggap merusak. Desain review dengan sudut breakwater yang bergeser untuk membuka jalur navigasi dibuat pada tahun 2011 dan proses konstruksinya terhenti pada tahun 2012. Desain tinjauan ketiga dibuat pada tahun 2013 namun hingga saat ini konstruksinya belum dimulai. Berdasarkan laporan Proyek Yogya yang disupervisi oleh TU Delft, diketahui bahwa belum pernah dilakukan penelitian mengenai kondisi hidrodinamika untuk perencanaan pelabuhan. Pada penelitian ini, pemodelan hidrodinamika dan pemodelan transformasi gelombang dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik gelombang di sekitar breakwater. Pemodelan dilakukan untuk skenario desain tahun 2011 dan desain tahun 2013. Simulasi dilakukan pada bulan bulan Januari (musim barat) dan bulan Juli (musim timur) selama 30 hari guna mengetahui efektifitas dari breakwater dalam meredam gelombang.Kata kunci: breakwater, pemodelan, hidrodinamika, gelombang. ABSTRACTSince 2003, the breakwater design in the development planning for the Tanjung Adikarto Port has changed several times. The construction of the west and east side breakwaters in 2007 and 2008 failed due to high waves from the Indian Ocean which were considered destructive. A review design with a shifted breakwater angle to open the navigation chanel was made in 2011 and the construction also stopped in 2012. The third review design was made in 2013 but the construction has yet to begin. Based on the Yogya Project report supervised by TU Delft, it is known that hydrodynamic conditions have never been assessed for port planning. In this study, hydrodynamic and wave transformation modeling were carried out in order to study the characteristics of the waves around the breakwater. Modeling was carried out for the 2011 design scenario and also for 2013 review design scenario to determine the effectiveness of the breakwater in reducing waves.Keywords: breakwater, modeling, hydrodynamics, wave.

A Note On Consumption Patterns in the Rural Areas of East Pakistan

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-413
Author(s):  
Mohammad Irshad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
Made In

The main purpose of this paper is to present estimates of income elasticities for various commodity groups in East Pakistan. To date no such studies have been conducted in that province; and estimates made in other areas of the subcontinent have only limited applicability. Analysis of consumption patterns is essential for development planning because priorities and investment targets have to be based on demand forecasts for different commodities. Forecasting demand requires, among other variables, reliable estimates of income elasticities. In addition, knowledge about elasticities can be useful in deciding taxation policies and other controls over consumption. Further, in countries like Pakistan where large quantities of surplus foods are imported under the United States PL 480 programme, knowledge of income elasticities and regional patterns of consumption is important to permit effective utilization of these imports for economic development.

PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF WAVE BREAKING CRITERIA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kuznetsov ◽  
Sergey Kuznetsov ◽  
Yana Saprykina ◽  
Yana Saprykina ◽  
Boris Divinskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Wave ◽  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Wave Transformation ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Similarity Parameter ◽  
Nonlinear Harmonics ◽  
The Waves

On the base of experimental data it was revealed that type of wave breaking depends on wave asymmetry against the vertical axis at wave breaking point. The asymmetry of waves is defined by spectral structure of waves: by the ratio between amplitudes of first and second nonlinear harmonics and by phase shift between them. The relative position of nonlinear harmonics is defined by a stage of nonlinear wave transformation and the direction of energy transfer between the first and second harmonics. The value of amplitude of the second nonlinear harmonic in comparing with first harmonic is significantly more in waves, breaking by spilling type, than in waves breaking by plunging type. The waves, breaking by plunging type, have the crest of second harmonic shifted forward to one of the first harmonic, so the waves have "saw-tooth" shape asymmetrical to vertical axis. In the waves, breaking by spilling type, the crests of harmonic coincides and these waves are symmetric against the vertical axis. It was found that limit height of breaking waves in empirical criteria depends on type of wave breaking, spectral peak period and a relation between wave energy of main and second nonlinear wave harmonics. It also depends on surf similarity parameter defining conditions of nonlinear wave transformations above inclined bottom.

A Bastion of the Town Wall of London, and the Sepulchral Monument of the Procurator Julius Classicianus

1936 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
F. Cottrill
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
East Side ◽  
The North ◽  
Inner Circle ◽  
External Face ◽  
The Town ◽  
Made In

Excavations made in June 1935 for the foundations of a new sub-station of the London Passenger Transport Board at Trinity Place, Trinity Square, E.C., brought to light some remains of the Roman town wall of London. A large portion of the medieval superstructure is still standing on the east side of Trinity Place, and to the north of this the Inner Circle Railway runs in a cutting under the roadway. The construction of this cutting involved the removal of a length of 73 ft. of the wall in 1882 (R.C.H.M. Roman London, 83). The site of the discoveries to be described here was immediately behind the southern retaining wall of the cutting. Both faces of the Roman wall were exposed at this point, and could be examined in detail, and against the external face was a fragment of one of the later Roman bastions (pl. 1). These remains were investigated by the writer on behalf of this Society, and the Passenger Transport Board kindly granted all necessary facilities, and rendered every possible assistance.

scholarly journals Wave Transformation for International Hub Port Planning (Transformasi Gelombang untuk Perencanaan Pelabuhan Hub Internasional)

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Denny Nugroho Sugianto ◽  
Purwanto Purwanto ◽  
Andika B Candra
Keyword(s):  
Wave Height ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Ocean Wave ◽  
Wave Transformation ◽  
Wave Refraction ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
Wave Patterns ◽  
Port Planning ◽  
North Sumatra

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia sehingga peran pelabuhan sangat vital dalam pembangunan ekonomi. Pelabuhan bukan hanya sekedar sebagai pelengkap infrastruktur, melainkan harus direncanakan dan dikelola dengan baik serta memperhatikan fenomena dinamika perairan laut seperti pola gelombang laut. Data gelombang laut menjadi faktor penting dalam perencanaan tata letak dan tipe bangunan pantai karena dipengaruhi oleh tinggi gelombang signifikan, tunggang pasang surut dan transformasi gelombang. Penelitian ini mengalisis karaketristrik dan bentuk transformasi gelombang untuk perencanaan Pelabuhan Hub Internasional, sebagai studi kasus adalah pelabuhan di Kuala Tanjung, Kabupaten Batu Bara. Pelabuhan di Kuala Tanjung merupakan salah satu dari 2 pelabuhan hub internasional yang direncanakan akan dibangun oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif yang dilakukan dengan perhitungan statistik dan pemodelan matematik dengan modul hydrodinamic dan spectral wave untuk mengetahui arah penjalaran dan transformasi gelombang. Hasil dari data ECMWF selama 1999–Juni 2014, diketahui tinggi gelombang signifikan (Hs) maksimum mencapai 1,69 m dan periode maksimum 8 detik. Karakteristik gelombang termasuk klasifikasi gelombang laut transisi dengan nilai d.L-1 berkisar anrata 0,27–0,48 dan berdasarkan periodenya diklasifikasikan sebagai gelombang gravitasi.Transformasi gelombang terjadi akibat pendangkalan dengan koefesian pendangkalan Ks 0,93–0,98 dan proses refraksi gelombang dengan koefesien Kr 0,97–0,99. Tinggi gelombang pecah Hb sebesar 1,24 meter dengan kedalaman gelombang pecah db sebesar 1,82 meter. Efektifitas desain bangunan terminal di Pelabuhan Kuala Tanjung secara keseluruhan untuk sepanjang musim sebesar 79,8% atau dapat dikatakan cukup efektif dalam meredam gelombang. Kata kunci: transformasi gelombang, tinggi dan periode gelombang, pelabuhan Indonesia is one of the largest archipelagic countries in the world, therefore port has vital role in economic development. Port is not just as a complement to the infrastructure, but it must be planned and managed properly and attention to the dynamics of marine phenomena such as ocean wave patterns. Ocean wave data become important factors in planning coastal building, since it is influenced by wave height, tides and waves transformation. The purpose of this study was to analyse characteristic and forms wave transformations for planning of international hub port at Kuala Tanjung, Baru Bara District North Sumatra. This port is one of two Indonesian government's plan in the development of international hub port. Quantitative method was used in this study by statistical calculations and mathematical modeling with hydrodinamic modules and spectral wave to determine the direction of wave propagation and transformation. Results show that based on ECMWF data during 1999-June 2014, known significant wave height (Hs) maximum of 1.69 m and maximum period (Ts) of 8 secs. The classification wave characteristics iswave transition (d.L-1: 0.27–0.48) and by the period are classified as gravitational waves. Wave transformation occurs due to the soaling, withKs 0.93–0.98 and the wave refraction Kr 0.97–0.99. Whereas Hb of 1.24 meters anddb 1.82 meters. The effectiveness of the design of the terminal building at the Port of Kuala Tanjung overall for the season amounted to 79.8%, which is quite effective in reducing the wave. Keywords: wave transformation, wave height and period, Port of Kuala Tanjung

Ruins of Eskimo Stone Houses on the East Side of Hudson Bay

1946 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Manning
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
East Side ◽  
Hudson's Bay Company ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Made In ◽  
Hudson’S Bay Company

Archaeological material obtained from Eskimos on the east side of Hudson Bay has been described by Mathiassen, Quimby, and Jenness, but no systematic excavations have been made in the area. Mathiassen was told by Mr. S. Berthfi of Reveillon Frdres that there were house ruins of turf and stone on the east coast of Hudson Bay at Kovik Bay, Mosquito Bay, and Cape Dufferin, and also on the Ottawa Islands; and by Mr. Perdy of the Hudson's Bay Company that there were house ruins at Cape Wolstenholme and many around Port Harrison. Obviously, Mathiassen concluded that these were regular houses of the Thule type. Quimby6 found only oval and rectangular tent rings on the Belcher Islands, and assumed that the semisubterranean houses characteristic of the Thule culture were lacking.

Some new data on tropical western Pacific Ascidians

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2561 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANÇOISE MONNIOT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
New Records ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Tropical Western Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Made In

Numerous collections of ascidians have been made in the Pacific and Indian Oceans but the inventory is far from complete. Each sampling provides new species. Two new didemnids are described here from Palau and Vanuatu. New records are given for 22 additional species with complementary descriptions and underwater photographs. The tropical ascidian fauna is highly diverse and successive new collections show that many of the species are not only widely distributed from the central to western Pacific but also common to the Indian Ocean.

scholarly journals Near-Inertial Mixing in the Central Arctic Ocean

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2031-2049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilker Fer
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Central Arctic Ocean ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wave Induced ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Inertial Energy ◽  
Made In

Abstract Observations were made in April 2007 of horizontal currents, hydrography, and shear microstructure in the upper 500 m from a drifting ice camp in the central Arctic Ocean. An approximately 4-day-long time series, collected about 10 days after a storm event, shows enhanced near-inertial oscillations in the first half of the measurement period with comparable upward- and downward-propagating energy. Rough estimates of wind work and near-inertial flux imply that the waves were likely generated by the previous storm. The near-inertial frequency band is associated with dominant clockwise rotation in time of the horizontal currents and enhanced dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy. The vertical profile of dissipation rate shows elevated values in the pycnocline between the relatively turbulent underice boundary layer and the deeper quiescent water column. Dissipation averaged in the pycnocline is near-inertially modulated, and its magnitude decays approximately at a rate implied by the reduction of energy over time. Observations suggest that near-inertial energy and internal wave–induced mixing play a significant role in vertical mixing in the Arctic Ocean.

Zheng He's Expeditions to the Western Ocean and His Navigation Technology

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Guangqi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Western Pacific Ocean ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Age Of Discovery ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Western Pacific ◽  
Made In

Zheng He was the greatest navigator in China's history and he conducted major oceanic voyages, before the western ‘Age of Discovery’, at a time when the Portuguese under Prince Henry were just beginning to feel their way down the coast of Africa. Under the orders of Emperor Yongle and then Emperor Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He led a fleet which was the greatest in the world in the fifteenth century and made, in all, seven expeditions to the Western Ocean from 1405 to 1433. His fleet sailed across most of the sea areas of the Western Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and visited more than thirty Asian and African countries and regions. This paper will mainly discuss the extraordinary achievements of Zheng He's expeditions and their navigational technology, and will also briefly evaluate their role in navigational history.

Christopher Henrik Braad (1728-81) and his extracts in 1760 from the Surat Capuchins' mission diary that they had kept since the 1650s. An Introduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-448
Author(s):  
Jeremy Franks
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

AbstractMade in Surat, India, in 1760, these extracts from a confidential diary kept in French by a Capuchin mission there since the 1650s are presented in a 21st-century translation into English. Beginning when Aurangzeb became the Mughal emperor, they record nearly a century of significant events while the mission survived as the city declined. The manuscript of extracts, held by Uppsala University, is the only known evidence of the diary's existence. C.H. Braad (1728-81), a senior trader for the Swedish East India Company when he made the extracts, was a Stockholm-born Lutheran. The Catholic Capuchins' trust that he, alone of countless Europeans in Surat, would keep the diary secret—as he did to the end of his life—is good reason for relying on his accuracy. The introduction provides a context for the extracts by drawing on his extensive, still unpublished writings about India: Surat in 1750-51, Bengal in the mid 1750s and his autobiography from 1781 for this and his voyages in the Indian Ocean.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document