Body Image Problems in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: A Review of the Literature

Despite type 1 diabetes' (T1D) potential influence on adolescents' physical development, the occurrence of body image problems of adolescents with diabetes remains unclear. No research synthesis has yet addressed this issue. This study aims to systematically evaluate the empirical evidence concerning body image in individuals with T1D in order to provide an overview of the existing literature. Using PRISMA methodology, 51 relevant studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were found, the majority of them (N = 48) involving youth. The findings varied across studies: 17 studies indicated that in youth with T1D, body dissatisfaction was common and that body concerns were generally greater in youth with T1D than in controls; nine studies did not find any differences in body image problems between participants with and without T1D; three studies described higher body satisfaction in youth with diabetes than in controls; and three studies reported mixed results. Body concerns in individuals with T1D were often found to be associated with negative medical and psychological functioning. The variability and limits in assessment tools across studies, the overrepresentation of female subjects, and the fact that most research in this field is based on cross-sectional data are stressed in the interpretation of these mixed findings. Future research directions that could improve the understanding of body image concerns and clinical implications are discussed.

Detection and Correction of Multi-Warping Document Image

In this work, we aim to solve the multi-warping document image problems. We can overcome the limitations of the previous dewarping algorithms to recover the shape of the document. The proposed method is based on a well-defined pattern to simulate the distorted and undistorted connected component of document images. Some pairs of control points are selected for each connected component and its ground truth pattern to define the mapping function between them. The dewarping process transforms the warping connected component according to the geometric transformation defined by the calculated mapping function. Results on document dewarping dataset CBDAR demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. OCR error metrics are also used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach.

Profile of Intentional and Iatrogenic skin afflictions: An observational study

Intentional skin afflictions are often done as a means of relief from medical disorders as in the case of skin branding or as a means of cosmesis and beautification as in body piercing and tattooing. Such practices often have medical and psychosocial consequences.An observational study was carried out at a teaching hospital where a total of 36 (20 male and 16 female) consecutive patients with skin affliction which were either intentional and/ or iatrogenic, were included in the study after informed consent. Medical consultation was done for variety of skin afflictions and their consequences including skin branding (8), tattooing (12), body piercing(4), keloids(9) and hypertrophic scars(3). Abdominal causes of branding like ascites, umbilical hernia, chronic abdominal pain, huge splenomegaly were present in subjects who had undergone skin branding from faith healers. Psychosocial consequences of subjects who came for intervention and advice regarding unwanted tattoo marks and body piercing were Tattoo regrets, Army tattoo Policy, Requirement for job procurement, Relationship Conflicts, Disapproval from Peers, Self disapproval, Body image problems, Parental disapproval and others. Subjects having hypertrophic scars and keloids sought treatment for medical issues like pruritus and fear of carcinogenesis as well as for cosmetic reasons.Studyingprofileandpsychosocial problems related to intentional/iatrogenic skin problems may give insight for prevention of such consequences in dermatology and medical practice.

A Multilevel Thresholding Approach Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization for Color Image Segmentation

In this paper, a hybrid Otsu and improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is presented to deal with multilevel color image thresholding problem, named APSOW. In APSOW, the historical information represented by the local best solutions found so far by PSO population are permuted among the current population, using a randomized greedy process. APSOW also implements a weedout operator to prune the worst individuals from the population. The proposed APSOW is compared to other hybrid EAs and Otsu approaches from literature (include standard PSO model) through twelve benchmark color image problems, showing its potential and robustness.

On the unreasonable effectiveness of CNNs

A technical report discussing some unexpected results when using off-the-shelf convolutional neural networks for image-to-image problems.<br>

On the unreasonable effectiveness of CNNs

A technical report discussing some unexpected results when using off-the-shelf convolutional neural networks for image-to-image problems.<br>

Applications of the Ohsawa–Takegoshi Extension Theorem to Direct Image Problems

In the 1st part of the paper, we study a Fujita-type conjecture by Popa and Schnell and obtain an effective bound on the generic global generation of direct images of twisted pluricanonical bundles. We also point out the relation between the Seshadri constant and the optimal bound. In the 2nd part, we give an affirmative answer to a question by Demailly, Peternell, and Schneider in a more general setting. As byproducts of our proofs, we extend a result by Fujino and Gongyo on images of weak Fano manifolds to the Kawamata log terminal settings and refine a theorem by Broustet and Pacienza on the rational connectedness of the image.

Analysis of the Role of Moderating Socio-Cultural Pressure for Weight Loss and Physical Changes in Obese and Normal Weight Adolescents

Topicality. Obesity is a global epidemic. Obesity is on the rise in developing countries due to changes in lifestyle. The Aim of the Research.This study aimed to compare body image problems and social-physical anxiety in obese and normal-weight adolescents by examining the moderating role of cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change. Method. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 70 adolescents obese and 72 adolescent girls with normal weight were selected through one-stage cluster sampling from high school students in Mashhad. Data collection and measurement tools included: high-sensitivity portable digital scales, Multidimensional Self-Relationships Questionnaire, Physical Social Anxiety Questionnaire, and Cultural Social Pressure Questionnaire. The groups were matched for education, gender, and age. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. The Results of the Research. Results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in body image and physical and social anxiety between obese adolescents and normal weight adolescents. The results also showed that high cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change has a significant role in increasing physical social anxiety. But it does not have a moderating role in the extent of body image problems and physical social anxiety. Obesity and high cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change are important factors in increasing body image problems and physical and social anxiety. But cultural social pressure does not mitigate the role of obesity in increasing or decreasing body image problems and physical social anxiety. Conclusions. Therefore, it can be concluded that body image problems in obese individuals are more influenced by their body mass and not by the socio-cultural pressure for weight loss and body change.