Reduction of soot carbon in the exhaust gases of a tractor gas-diesel engine

The rate of oxidation of carbon (including its dispersed forms) has a value much higher than the rate of gasification. Therefore, in the initial part of the flame, when oxygen is still contained in the gas phase, the oxidation of soot will be the process on which the change in the size and concentration of dispersed carbon particles mainly depends. The intensity of oxidation and gasification of dispersed carbon in the flame largely depends on the development of the mixing process, determined by the aerodynamics of the fuel and air jets. The paper presents an analysis of the influence of mixing processes on the oxidation and gasification of dispersed carbon in a natural gas flame in the study of homogeneous flames and mixing of turbulent jets. The results of industrial studies of the mixing of fuel and air in a diffusion torch are taken into account. The results allow us to evaluate the influence of various aerodynamic factors on the processes occurring in the glowing flame of natural gas in the combustion chamber of gas diesel.

Effect of Differences of HCl Concentration on the Reaction of Chlorine Gas and Acetylene Gas In Clothing Liquids and Floor Cleaning Liquids

Floor cleaning fluid containing a solution of HCl mixed with carbide (CaC2), produces a reaction in the form of gases, air bubbles and there is sedimentation. The resulting gas is acetylene gas. NaClO solution in clothes bleach reacts with HCl in floor cleaning fluid to produce a reaction in the form of an explosion of fire, soot / carbon and produces chlorine gas. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in the concentration of HCl in floor cleaning fluid to produce the reaction of chlorine gas and acetylene gas by mixing floor cleaner with carbide and clothes bleach. In this study, using a floor cleaner with a concentration of 12% HCl and a concentration of 17% as a comparison. The results obtained are that the difference in the concentration of HCl has an effect on explosions, gases.

Development of TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cells using natural dyes extracted from some plant-based materials

The need for a green and more environmentally friendly energy production has led to recent research into the use of natural products in the production photovoltaic cells. In this study, TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using photo-sensitizers made from ten natural dyes extracted from different plant parts (i.e. seeds, stalks, peels and flowers) of some selected plants and using candle soot carbon as a counter electrode. The chemical composition of the materials was determined using basic phytochemical screening assays. The extracted dye materials were characterized using UV and IR methods after which they were used in developing DSSCs. The DSSCs were then characterized under AM 1.5 illuminations to measure their photo-electrochemical properties. The dyes containing carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups showed weak to large absorption under the visible light (400-700 nm) irradiation. The photo-electrochemical performance of the various cells gave an efficiency of as high as 0.18% with open circuit voltages ranging from 0.28 to 0.45 V and short-circuits photocurrent densities from 0.26 to 1.69 mA.cm-1. Better efficiencies can be attained by improving the DSSC constructional parameters.

NEW BLACK-FILLED EPOXY COATINGS FOR REPAIRING SURFACE OF EQUIPMENT OF MARINE SHIPS

The methods for ensuring long-term and safe operation of marine equipment due to comprehensive repair technologies that use epoxy oligomers and new compositions based on them are developed. The influence of temperature and UltraSonic Treatment (UST) on the rheological properties of the pure epoxy matrix and compositions based on it is explored. The compositions have different content of nanodispersed soot carbon black of brand PowCarbon 2419G (particle size of 24 ± 2 nm). It is established that when nanoparticle soot (q = 0.10…15.00 pts wt) is introduced into the composition of the epoxy matrix treated with ultrasound, the viscosity of the composition increases gradually. Based on the results obtained, temperature ranges are recommended, in which the viscosity of the studied compositions reaches optimal technological parameters for the effective impregnation of threads, tows and various fabrics, and which provide for the effective application of the composition to the working surfaces of marine equipment. Technical recommendations are given for applying the developed black-filled epoxy compositions to the working surfaces of parts, ship mechanisms and pipeline systems of marine vessels.

Protective interlayer for trapping polysulfides and conducting host for sulfur: Dual role of candle soot carbon for the development of high performance Lithium-Sulfur battery

The commercial realization of next-generation Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) battery is mainly hindered due to the unwanted lithium polysulfide shuttling and the insulating nature of sulfur cathode. Herein the present work, we...