Ungdoms voldsutsatthet og foreldres landbakgrunn

Earlier studies from the Nordic countries have shown that youth from immigrant backgrounds are more likely to be exposed to parental violence compared with non-immigrant youth. However, few studies have investigated differences on a more detailed level and analyzed the risk after parents’ country of origin. Moreover, to what extent cultural, psychosocial, stress and resource-based factors can account for a relationship between parents’ country of origin and youths’ exposure to violence has not been investigated in a Norwegian context. Therefore, we first examine the prevalence of fear of and exposure to violence among young people from different immigrant backgrounds. Then we control for various factors that can be related to country differences. We use data from the Young in Oslo survey from 2018, a school-based self-report study conducted among youth aged 16–19. In the analyses, we distinguish between youth from major immigration countries and those from other geographic regions. Overall, and in line with earlier research, we find that a higher proportion of youth with immigrant backgrounds fear violence and have been subjected to violence by someone in the family, compared to youth with two Norwegian-born parents. However, the results show large variation in the level of exposure after parents’ country of origin. In addition, the results indicate that this variation is largely related to families’ socio-economic resources, but also, to some extent, family structure (parents living together or not). Few socio-economic resources and a weak economic situation indicate a higher exposure risk for all youth, including those with Norwegian-born parents. Even after controlling for socio-economic resources, family structure and religious affiliation, there is a higher risk of violence among youth with origin from some countries and regions.

Sammenhenger mellom opplevd kontroll fra foreldre og vold mot barn og ungdom

In this chapter we explore the associations between parental control behaviors and domestic violence. Limited autonomy in adolescence has been linked to child abuse. Autonomy is a primary developmental task in adolescence, and a successful resolution of this task is associated with well-being and adaptation in adult life. However, autonomy does not develop in isolation, but rather in the context of parents’ support on the one hand or parental control on the other, the latter hampers autonomy development in children and adolescents. The present chapter is based on a large national prevalence study on child abuse and neglect among 12–16-year-olds in Norway (N = 9240). In line with parenting standards in Norway, findings suggest that Norwegian adolescents in general experience a low degree of control. However, a high degree of controlling behaviors from parents is associated with both physical and psychological abuse. Age is not associated with degree of control, except for a decrease in parental supervision with age. Findings are discussed in light of parents’ country of origin.

Vold, kjærlighet og makt i likestillingslandet

This chapter presents findings from a study that explored intimate partner violence (IPV) and its relation to gender, gender equality and power, drawing on qualitative interviews with 28 women and 9 men. The chapter argues that being exposed to violence from an intimate partner in a presumed gender equal country represents a particular minority position, and for whom the Norwegian gender equal legislation and discourse may become part of the problem: Love and gender equality could be used as rhetorical resources for the perpetrator, and gendered patterns of care may contribute to the gendered character of IPV. Furthermore, the language of love and the ideals of trust and transparency in a relationship could be used and abused by the perpetrator to legitimize coercive control. Gender equality and the ideal of gender balance could also be used as rhetorical resources by the abuser, including the sharing of housework, political engagement against violence as well as shared parenting after divorce. This shows that egalitarian attitudes and gender balance in the division of labour in the home are not incompatible with the exercise of violence. Further, gendered expectations and feelings of care and love formed a gendered entanglement that made it difficult to leave. Fear of the perpetrator and concern for children’s safety in the context of the contemporary egalitarian post-separation regime in Norway further added to victims’ ordeals.

Mangfoldsperspektiver i forskning på vold i nære relasjoner

Most research on domestic violence has focused on violence against women in a gender perspective. However, there has been an increasing understanding of the importance of other social dimensions in order to understand the nature and impact of the violence. The aim of this chapter is to explore the current status of research on domestic violence in a diversity perspective. We argue that dimensions like ethnicity, class, sexuality and sexual orientation are important in addition to gender to expand our understanding of domestic violence, and that intersectionality may be an important theoretical instrument. The chapter also gives a brief overview of the other chapters of the book.

Omfang av vold og seksuelle overgrep blant samer og ikke-samer

Sami ethnicity has previously not been included in national population-based surveys. Hence, knowledge about violence and sexual abuse among the indigenous Sami in Norway has been sparse. This study is based on data from SAMINOR 2, a population-based, cross-sectional survey on health and living conditions in areas with both Sami and non-Sami in Central and Northern Norway. It includes a total of 11,296 participants: 2,197 (19.4 percent) Sami respondents and 9,099 non-Sami (80.6 percent) respondents. The aim was to assess the prevalence and investigate ethnic differences in sexual, physical, and emotional violence among a population of both Sami and non-Sami women and men. The results show that more Sami women reported emotional, physical, and sexual violence compared to non-Sami women. Almost half of the Sami women and one-third of the non-Sami women reported any lifetime violence. Sami men were more likely to report emotional and physical violence compared to non-Sami men. However, the ethnic differences in sexual violence among men were not significant. Over one-third of the Sami men reported any lifetime violence compared to less than a quarter of the non-Sami men, and most respondents reported violence in childhood. The findings indicate that Sami ethnicity is a risk factor for exposure to lifetime interpersonal violence. The differences remained significant after adjusting for age, educational level, living area, religion, and alcohol intake. For all types of violence, a known perpetrator outside the family was more commonly reported.

Voldsutsatthet blant skeive med innvandrerbakgrunn

This chapter analyses experiences of violence among queer immigrants in Norway. The aim of the chapter is to explore the various experiences of violence, and how vulnerability to violence is related to the wider patterns of discrimination and juridical, economic and social marginalisation. Based on an inductive analysis of interviews with 41 lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex people with immigrant backgrounds, we have identified four key themes: 1) Sexual abuse, 2) violence in relation to coming out as queer, 3) exposure to violence within Norwegian institutions dealing with immigration and integration, and 4) racism and violence. The experiences of violence that the participants talk about include violence from family members, acquaintances, strangers and representatives of public institutions. In order to understand queer immigrants’ experiences of violence, it is necessary to focus on the interconnectedness of various forms of violence that take place in different arenas and in different relationships. Moreover, violence needs to be understood in connection to discrimination and marginalisation based on the status as immigrant and queer.

En (tro)verdig utsatt? Menns fortellinger om vold fra en kvinnelig eller mannlig partner

Based on a qualitative interview study, this chapter explores men’s stories about their experiences with being exposed to violence from a male or female partner. Research on intimate partner violence has traditionally focused on male perpetrators and female victims, reflecting the general cultural understandings of gender and violence. There is a lack of studies treating men’s exposure to intimate partner violence as a diverse phenomenon in itself, rather than as a contrast or comment to women’s exposure to such violence. This chapter looks at how men try to balance masculinity and victimhood in their stories. The analysis reveals three dominant narrative strategies that men use in order to present their stories of victimhood with dignity: narratives of caring and responsibility, narratives of fear and victimhood, and narratives of passivity related to superiority in physical strength. Some men combine different strategies, while others choose one as a core subject of their story. Furthermore, these strategies may have different meanings and are used differently, depending on age, class, distance to the violence in time, and the abusive partner’s gender.

Forhandlinger om verdighet blant kvinner utsatt for partnervold

Drawing on qualitative interviews, this chapter explores how women who have lived with an abusive male partner talk about themselves in relation to the violence they have experienced. Rather than portraying themselves as weak and passive and therefore blameless ‘ideal victims’, many of the women we interviewed referred to themselves as remarkably strong or resourceful. We interpret these self-representations as part of an ongoing work on the self that these women were engaged in – to uphold their self-identity and social position as viable persons. The self-representations are part of their ongoing respectability work. What strong or resourceful meant had classed meanings, however. Middle-class women more often referred to their investment in self-developing activities – activities that build on and scaffold their middle-class identity and social standing, for instance engaging in overwork and intensive parenting, or starting or graduating from university studies. In contrast, working-class women more often referred to their psychological robustness, and how it had protected them from mental illness, drug abuse or other problems. They talked about being tough and getting on with it without interference from other people. For both groups their respectability work had both positive and negative sides. It protected the women from stigma, but also made it more difficult for others to see that they needed help and to offer support.

Minoritetsnorske og majoritetsnorske kvinners erfaring med partnervold

The chapter explores commonalities and differences in the experience of women who have been exposed to violence from their male partners and in some cases from their in-laws. The analysis is based on qualitative interviews with women of ethnic majority and minority backgrounds. Four dimensions of diversity in the patterns of violence are identified: 1) How the relationship started: the analysis differentiates between an individual and a collective practice, where the latter refers to arranged marriages. 2) Who is the perpetrator: there is a difference between women who have been exposed to violence and control from an individual partner and those who have been abused by both their partner and their in-laws. 3) What characterizes the violence and control itself: two patterns are discerned, one dominated by psychological mechanisms and one that is more material and concrete. 4) What prevented the women from leaving the abuser: a major difference is drawn between women who face stigma and ostracism if they are divorced, and those women who find it shameful and stigmatizing to reveal that they have not left their abuser.