The ecosystem approach in the integrated water resources management of the Republic of Kazakhstan

In this article, the authors research the development and features of the ecosystem approach in Integrated Water Resources Management in Kazakhstan, as well as analyze the implementation of the ecosystem approach in the updated environmental legislation, including the new Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the draft State Program of the Republic of Kazakhstan for water resources management until 2030.

Some aspects of the realization of the public’s right to participate in strategic environmental assessment

The aim of this article is to analyse the current state of legal regulation of public participation in the strategic environmental assessment (hereinafter – SEA) procedure, to study the mechanism for exercising this right and to identify its possible shortcomings. The article concludes that there are some problems that do not properly exercise the public’s right to participate in SEA. They are the follows: 1) the procedure of public discussion during the SEA needs to be improved in terms of informing the public; 2) the mechanism of guaranteeing and protecting the right to participate in SEA is imperfect and does not provide adequate protection in the event of a violation of this right. On author’s opinion the list of mandatory measures, defined in the SEA legislation of Ukraine, does not fully ensure the effective informing of the public and involving it in the discussion of state planning documents. The information that really aims to engage the general public should include not only print media but also a broad social media campaign, engaging journalists in radio and television coverage. However, there is a risk that detailed regulation at the legal level of ways of informing the public in this area would lead to unjustified costs of SEA customer’s budgets. Particular attentionin the article is paid to the study of ways of protecting the rights of the public in case of improper informing or neglect of public comments during the SEA. It is concluded that ways of protection of the investigated right may be the next: to challenge the decisions, actions or omissions of participants of the SEA process and to bring to justice for the violation of the requirements of the SEA legislation. However, The SEA Act makes no mention of such mechanisms. The Code of Administrative Offenses and the Criminal Code of Ukraine also do not contain the relevant types of offenses. The author considers this situation unacceptable and proposes to supplement the Code of Ukraine of Administrative Offenses with the relevant offenses in the field of SEA. The article concludes that mediation is an important mechanism for resolving conflicts that may arise in the conduct of SEA. This procedure may be applied at any stage of SEA. If it is obvious that conflict will not be avoided, mediation should be applied as soon as possible. At the same time, its terms should not be too long, so as not to paralyze the development of draft state planning document.

Position and Function of Region Representative Council in the Framework of Region Economic Resources Based on Article 22D, the Constitution of Republic of Indonesia

This journal purposes to assess the position and function of Region Representative Council in the framework of region economic resources resource settings under Section 22D of the Constitution Republic Of Indonesia 1945. This study is a normative legal study conducted through library or library research, using the conceptual approach and the statute approach. The results showed that the Region Representative Council can propose to Parliament the Bill relating to: regionnatural resources, central and local relations, the establishment and expansion and merger of regions, management of natural resources and other economic resources resources; As well as, relating to the balance of central and region finances. In addition Region Representative Council can participate in discussing the Draft Law relating to regionnatural resources, central and region relations, the establishment and division and merging of regions, management of natural resources and other economic resources resources; As well as, in relation to central and region financial balances; As well as, giving consideration to the House of Representative over the draft State Income and Expenditure Bill, draft laws relating to taxes, education, and religion. Region Representative Council can exercise oversight over the implementation of laws concerning: natural resources, establishment, expansion, and merger of region, central and local relations, management of natural resources and other economic resources, the implementation of the budget revenues and expenditures, taxes, education, and religion . If it is examined more deeply, it can be explained that the word "can" filed in paragraph (1) only placing theRegion Representative Council of state institutions that assist theHouse Of Representative in carrying out its legislative functions. Then the meaning of the word "follow" is discussed in paragraph (2) only positioning theRegion Representative Council of state institutions that do number fully carry out the function of discussion of the Bill.

Political Policy Analysis of the National Education Budget In Islamic Education Studies

This research reviews about national education budget in the study of Islamic education policy. The federal education budget is part of the political education policy in Indonesia. The politic of education budget can be realized through systems made in a country. Government policy regarding education budget allocation of 20% is by the mandate of the 1945 constitution as included in the Draft State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (RAPBN). It is explained explicitly in the Statute of National Education System No.20 Year 2003 in article 49. This policy also becomes a lantern which can ease the economic burden of the poor to send their children to school because they have received funding from the government. However, the realization of the budget education of 20% may not be disbursed according to the benchmark percentage. Besides, there is Islamic education which has its institution in managing educational practices. This research was qualitative by collecting literature data from various primary and secondary references. Politic in education budget can make people more eager if all policy can protect other educational components, especially in the realm of Islamic education.Penelitian ini mengulas tentang anggaran pendidikan nasional dalam studi kebijakan pendidikan Islam. Anggaran pendidikan federal adalah bagian dari kebijakan pendidikan politik di Indonesia. Politik anggaran pendidikan dapat diwujudkan melalui sistem yang dibuat di suatu negara. Kebijakan pemerintah tentang alokasi anggaran pendidikan sebesar 20% adalah dengan mandat UUD 1945 sebagaimana tercantum dalam Rancangan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (RAPBN). Hal ini dijelaskan secara eksplisit dalam Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional No.20 Tahun 2003 dalam pasal 49. Kebijakan ini juga menjadi lentera yang dapat meringankan beban ekonomi orang miskin untuk menyekolahkan anak-anak mereka karena mereka telah menerima dana dari pemerintah. Namun, realisasi anggaran pendidikan 20% tidak dapat dicairkan sesuai dengan persentase patokan. Selain itu, ada pendidikan Islam yang memiliki institusi dalam mengelola praktik pendidikan. Penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data literatur dari berbagai referensi primer dan sekunder. Politik dalam anggaran pendidikan dapat membuat orang lebih bersemangat jika semua kebijakan dapat melindungi komponen pendidikan lainnya, terutama di bidang pendidikan Islam.

Draft State Utility Pole Safety Program for Alabama

The Code of Federal Regulations [23 CFR 645.209(k)] requires highway agencies to work with utility companies to initiate corrective measures to utility facilities that are found to be likely to cause injury to motorists. The contribution that a reduction in utility pole–related crashes could make to the overall highway safety effort in Alabama was studied, and methods of accomplishing such reductions were examined. A review of the programs of nearby states with utility pole safety programs shows that they address utility pole safety principally during state department of transportation (DOT) construction projects. Crash data investigations showed that a specific utility pole safety program would have a small effect on overall roadway safety in Alabama. Additionally, there is strong competition for safety funds. After examination of the situation for Alabama DOT-controlled roads, the limitation of pole remediation projects to active construction projects or to any sites that can be positively identified through the normal cost–benefit studies used for safety projects was endorsed.