Place and role of DSTU 4163: 2020 «Unified system of organizational and management documentation. requirements for documentation» in the system of the documents.

The purpose of the article is to find out the significance of the state standard for the design of documentsDSTU 4163: 2020 in the system of valid documents on reference and unification of documentary texts; toanalyze the new state standard DSTU 4163: 2020 in comparison with its analog of 2003, the Resolution ofthe Cabinet of Ministers, to identify discrepancies in their texts and to make proposals for their elimination.The study emphasizes that this DSTU, like other national standards, over time has lost its binding legal statusand has become a recommendation, and the resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers continue to be binding.The methodology of research is based on the application of the principles of systematicity, scientificity, andhistoricism and makes it possible to trace the development of normative documentation. Classical methodsof analysis, synthesis, and comparison help to compare the texts of several documents, creating a system ofscientific information. It is through the use of special and general philosophical research methods that it ispossible to analyze normative documents in the context of their practicality and relevance. The scientificnovelty of the study is to determine the features of the requirements for the design of documents in the newstandard and justify their feasibility in relation to current needs. The comparative analysis of texts of documentsis carried out and discrepancies of registration of examples and the text of DSTU are revealed. Conclusions.The main feature and difference of DSTU 4163: 2020 from other documents that determine the procedureand requirements for the execution of documents is its extension to all types of documentation created in theactivities of various organizations, regardless of their carrier. The new standard has been improved to meettoday’s requirements, focusing not only on paper documents but also on electronic ones, as they now occupya leading position in any activity.Keywords: office work, unification of documentary texts, state standard, electronic document

Expert Analysis of Visibility from the Drivers Seat of М1 Vehicles

The total number of automobiles in Russia currently equals 55 mln., 45 mln. of which are passenger cars. Although the number of traffic accident is going down year by year, the problem remains very urgent, the number of people killed in such accidents is over 16 th., and the number of injured — 190 th. One of the most common types of traffic accidents is accidents with pedestrians, which happen through the fault of drivers or the pedestrians themselves. The conducted analysis made it possible to establish the influence of visibility from the driver’s seat in modern vehicles of М1 category on this type of traffic accidents. The analysis of visibility from the driver’s seat, specifically determining the angles of blind spots formed by the pillars of front windows, was done for one of the flagship Japanese models Toyota Land Cruiser 200. Research showed that the angle of blind spots formed by the front pillars of the bodies of a number of modern cars can exceed the value set by the Russian state standard (GOST) by 30 %. It is recommended to conduct an investigative experiment to assess the visibility from the driver’s seat when examining the circumstances of road accidents with pedestrians.

Evaluation of honey as a dessert in hotel and restaurant complexes

The article presents the results of research of honey as a dessert in hotel and restaurant complexes of Bila Tserkva region. The analysis of researched samples of honey with the use of laboratory researches which were carried out in the conditions of scientific laboratory of chair of safety and quality of foodstuff, raw materials and technological processes of Bila Tserkva national agrarian university is carried out. The research was conducted in accordance with the national standard of Ukraine DSTU 4497. according to generally accepted methods. Color, taste, aroma, consistency, crystallization, signs of fermentation were determined organoleptically using the sensory method of analysis of honey. It was found that in all samples the color of honey was from light yellow to yellow, with a pleasant taste and aroma, without signs of fermentation and the content of mechanical and other impurities. The diastasis number of honey samples used by hotel and restaurant complexes is 14, 10 and 8 units, respectively. Goethe, which indicates the heating of part of the honey. Thus, the results of research have shown that honey, which is used in hotel and restaurant complexes of Bila Tserkva region as a dessert in terms of organoleptic indicators, meets the requirements of the national state standard.

THE INFLUENCE OF CATTLE BREED ON THE QUALITY OF GRILLED CHEESE

The aim of the work was to conduct a comparative assessment of the quality of grilled cheese (halloumi) obtained from the milk of two different breeds of cows. Cheese was prepared accord-ing to the Cypriot halloumi technology, but instead of sheep or goat milk, cattle milk was used. The milk of the red-mottled breed cows differed from the Simmental milk with a higher content of skimmed milk residue, protein, fat and somatic cells. Grilled cheese using hallumi technology from the milk of both breeds of cows meets the requirements of the state standard R 52686-2006 and is bold (according to the Simmental breed) or fat (according to the red-mottled). Grilled cheese using hallumi technology from red-mottled milk has a 7.2% higher yield, 8.1% less mois-ture, is more saturated with lactic acid, but 1.3 times less dense than cheese from Simmental milk. Grilled cheese according to hallumi technology from milk of both breeds of cows is suitable for frying within 6 days from the moment of manufacture.

MODEL PROGRAM “TECHNOLOGIES FOR 5–6 GRADES” AS ONE OF THE MEANS OF CREATING LEARNING ENVIRONMENT OF THE NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the process of creating a model program as a leading tool for constructing the learning environment of the New Ukrainian School.Creating an educational environment is an extremely important and urgent task today, in connection with competence training and overcoming the outdated problems of the classroom system of national education. The educational environment allows teachers to bring the educational process closer to the life of students, to teach them to learn all the time, regardless of its location or conditions, which often affect more than the artificially created learning process. Everything that surrounds the school can be an educational environment for the student. After all, it is a well-known fact that the environment in which the student is immersed, affects him more and deeper than the learning process, which is limited by time and resources.The article provides a brief overview of issues related to the creation of the learning environment and reveals opportunities for its modelling on the basis of the new State Standard of Basic Secondary Education.The structure of the model program and educational tasks of the corresponding subject “Technology” for 5-6 grades of high school are revealed and characterized. The main factors influencing the creation of educational or educational environment in an educational institution are considered. The article contains recommendations for creating a model program for technology.The purpose of technological education is to reveal the creative abilities of students, the formation of skills to implement strategies for effective decision-making during project activities, the ability to change the environment taking into account the balanced development of society, the ability to cooperate and cultural interaction, national self-expression.The purpose of the subject of technology is the comprehensive development of the student's personality, his creative abilities and natural inclinations, taking into account his individual abilities for future professional activity in various fields of production through the study of design and technological activities, basics of design and construction. Keywords: educational environment; pupils; State standard of basic secondary education; model curriculum; technologies; technological educational branch; cross-cutting skills; competency; key competencies.

The main indicators of compliance with the production standards and storage conditions of honey

The study presents an updated database on the impact of the main technological factors on the content of pollen grains and quality indicators of natural honey: diastase number, hydroxymethylfurfural content and invertase activity. The purpose of the research was to update the database on the impact of the main technological factors on the microscopy and quality indicators of natural honey: diastase number, hydroxymethylfurfural content and invertase activity. Based on the goal, the following tasks were solved: On the basis of the laboratory of the FSC of Beekeeping, production samples of honey were heated at 75 °C for 10 minutes, followed by natural cooling, and filtered through a filter with a cell size of 0.15 mm; they were stored in the production room for a year with a temperature fluctuation in the range from –1 °C to 32 °C. The relevance of the study is to study the main indicator of the quality of honey – invertase activity, changes in the value under the influence of technological and zootechnical factors, with its subsequent introduction into the state standard for natural honey. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the values of invertase activity indicators, the content of hydroxymethylfurfural after heating and filtration of honey were obtained. Methods. The study of the indicators was carried out in accordance with the methods of the state standard GOST 19792-2017. As a result, it was found that heating honey at 75 °C for 10 minutes followed by natural cooling contributes to a decrease in diastase activity by an average of 69.7 ± 6.43 %, a decrease in invertase by an average of 81.0 ± 2.37 %, and an increase in the content of GMF by an average of 79.1 ± 1.74 %. Honey filtration reduces diastase by an average of 11.1 ± 1.47 %, and invertase activity by an average of 11.3 ± 2.34 %. Storage of honey for a year with a temperature fluctuation from –1 °C to 32 °C contributes to a decrease in the activity of diastase by 51.3 ± 5.27 %, invertase by 61.0 ± 1.91 % and an increase in the content of hydroxymethylfurfural by an average of 82.9 ± 1.80 %.

Meteorite hazard model for a space mission to Mars

Currently, for the world’s space agencies, the robotic exploration of Mars is one of the most important tasks. One of the necessary stages for the implementation of this mission is the development and addition of new information to the State standard “Meteoric substance, spatial distribution model”. Until now, the State Standard has been more detailed in comparison with the American analogue (developed by NASA) and the European one. The standard is a mandatory document in the design of spacecraft. It should be noted that modeling of meteor hazard at a distance from Earth to Mars is a complex problem, since the analysis of the meteor population in near-Earth space does not give a complete picture of the propagation of meteoroids along the Earth-Mars route. Moreover, the further the trajectory of the spacecraft from the Earth’s orbit is, the less the number of near-Earth meteorites becomes. That is, objects that have the same orbital parameters with small bodies crossing the Earth’s orbit. The only way to solve this problem is to build an interpolation regression model, which is based on measurements from the Earth’s surface and observations of space missions. For this purpose, the density of sporadic meteoroids was transformed from the space mission coordinate system to the ground one. This was done in order to analyze meteorite observations by the Mariner 4 and Pioneer 10 spacecrafts. The results of the work made it possible to obtain new data for the spatial distribution of meteoroids on the Earth-Mars path. According to a comparison of our data with the data on the density of space debris in the previous works the most safe for space flights are normalization conditions of distributions of the elements of the orbits of meteoric bodies P(Z, e, i) < 60.

Fire safety of sports facilities and methods to improve it on the example of the Baikal ice palace

The purpose of the work is to audit the fire safety of the Baikal ice rink in Irkutsk. Ensuring fire safety is the main aspect of the operation of a sports facility and is regulated by the Federal Law "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements", the state standard "Sports facilities. Safety requirements for sports and physical culture events. Test methods ”, sets of rules, etc. Design and construction of modern sports facilities is impossible without innovative technologies and materials. When carrying out various events in a sports facility, comprehensive security is required, including protection from all kinds of threats for spectators, participants and personnel, as well as the sports facility itself. Evaluation of anti -fire agents has been carried out. It is proposed to assess individual fire risks and additional preventive measures to reduce them.

Fire safety requirements for thermal isolation of LNG storage tank

Проведен анализ российских и международных нормативных документов, регламентирующих требования пожарной безопасности к тепловой изоляции стационарных резервуаров хранения сжиженного природного газа (СПГ). Рассмотрены результаты наиболее интересных крупномасштабных экспериментов по огневому воздействию на указанные резервуары. Найдено, что требования нормативных документов к тепловой изоляции направлены, как правило, на защиту резервуаров СПГ от теплового воздействия окружающей среды. Поэтому для защиты от теплового воздействия пожара следует дополнительно использовать водяное орошение наружных стенок резервуара. На основе результатов указанных экспериментов можно сделать вывод о перспективности применения вакуумно-перлитовой тепловой изоляции для защиты двухоболочечных резервуаров СПГ с полной герметизацией. Однако для практической реализации этого способа необходимо проведение экспериментов при плотности теплового потока на наружную оболочку резервуара не менее 200 кВт/м. There was carried out the analysis of Russian and international normative documents containing fire safety requirements for a thermal isolation of stationary LNG storage tanks. There were considered the results of the most interesting large scale experiments on a flame effect on these tanks published in literature. The main Russian normative document which contains the fire safety requirements for the LNG tanks of a volume higher than 260 m3 with a pressure not higher than 0.8 MPa is State Standard SP 240.1311500.2015. The thermal isolation of these tanks should be non-combustible. According to State Standad SP 156.13130.2014 which contains the fire safety requirements for car refueling stations, the thermal isolation should provide the integrity of LNG tank for action of a design fire during 60 min. There is required the vacuum thermal isolation for tanks according to State Standard SP 326.1311500.2017 which contains the fire safety requirements for the LNG tanks of a volume not higher than 260 m and a pressure not higher 0.8 MPa. The pearlite and vacuum thermal isolation of tanks is required except membrane tanks for which a combustible thermal isolation is possible according to international standards EN 1473: 2016, NFPA 59A: 2016, NFPA 57: 2002 which contain the fire safety requirements for various types of LNG tanks. It was found that the requirements for thermal isolation are generally aimed on protection of LNG from the thermal impact of environment. Therefore water deluge systems should be used for protection against thermal radiation from fires. It was concluded that application of thermal isolation only for protection from fires is hardly possible. The application of the vacuum-pearlite isolation is one of the possible ways for reliable protection of double-envelope LNG tanks from fires. The investigations of this type of thermal isolation have been carried out only for thermal radiation intensity up to 75 kW/m, but the thermal radiation intensity of LNG fires exceeds 200 kW/m.Therefore it is necessary to conduct experiments for such value of thermal radiation intensity. There can be created mathematical models on the basis of these experiments which can describe the behavior of LNG tanks during fire for various types of thermal isolation.

Analysis of low requirement justification of the current standard for the strength of wood particle boards

Currently, wood particle boards made of crushed shavings are widely used in the production of cabinet furniture, despite their shortcomings. The volume of particle board production in Russia is constantly growing. The main disadvantages of the boards include their toxicity associated with the release of gas (formaldehyde) harmful to humans above the permissible level (PL = 0.01 mg/m3 of air), low strength properties (especially bending strength) and limited areas of application of the boards. If we trace the dynamics of the technical requirements for these properties of boards according to the standards, then the question arises - what is the reason for the decrease in the requirements for the strength of boards in bending and, in this regard, the limitation of the application areas of particle board? A regular decrease in the requirements in the newly introduced State Standards has been constantly occurring since 1977, but this is especially noticeable in the current 10632-2014 State Standard. This article focuses on the possible objective and subjective reasons for the low requirements of the current standard for the strength of wood particle board.