scholarly journals Building a model of the process of shooting a mobile armored target with directed fragmentation-beam shells in the form of a discrete-continuous stochastic system

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4 (114)) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Vadim Yakovenko ◽  
Bohdan Volochiy ◽  
Yuriy Sydorenko ◽  
Nataliia Furmanova ◽  
Oleksandr Malyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Combat Vehicle ◽  
Armored Vehicle ◽  
Design Options ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Explosive Destruction

This paper describes the process of shooting a mobile armored combat vehicle with directed fragmentation-beam shells as a discrete-continuous random process. Based on this approach, a stochastic model has been proposed in the form of a system of Kolmogorov-Chapman differential equations. A universal model of the process of defeating a moving armored target with directed fragmentation-beam shells has been built, which would provide preconditions for experimental studies into the effectiveness of various variants of the components of the artillery system for three-shot firing. The execution of an artillery task is considered as a set of certain procedures characterized by the average value of its duration. They are dependent on the firing phases involving a prospective automatic gun and the explosive destruction of fragmentation-beam shells while the explosive destruction of each shell case is characterized by the self-propagation of the reaction of explosive transformations based on tabular data on the target. An indicator of the functionality of various design options for fragmentation-beam shells is the probability of causing damage by «useful fragments» in the vulnerable compartments of a combat armored vehicle. Devising universal models for the process of shooting a moving armored vehicle forms preconditions for further full-time experiments in accordance with the design solutions defined as a result of modeling. It is possible to use the developed discrete-continuous stochastic model in other modeling tasks to determine the optimal value of defeat. As regards the practical application of discrete-continuous stochastic models, one can argue about the possibility of reducing the cost of performing design tasks related to weapons by 25 % and decreasing the likelihood of making mistakes at the stage of system engineering design

ANALISA PERBANDINGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAN RASIO KEUANGAN SEBAGAI ALAT UKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA KOPERASI KARYAWAN SUCOFINDO (KOPERASI SUCOFINDO JAYA) TAHUN 2009 – 2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Sri Marti Pramudena
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to determine the financial position and financial performance Cooperative Sucofindo Jaya (KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA) from fiscal year 2009-2011 through a comparative analysis / comparisons and ratio analysis. From the research, the authors obtained a picture that results of the financial position and financial performance of KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA as follows: (1) To Horizontal Analysis of the Balance Sheet shows the overall unfavorable developments as the rise of short-term debt experienced a greater percentage increase than the increase in current assets (2) For Horizontal Analysis of the SHU, SHU in 2010 an increase of 125.38% compared to 2009 and in 2011 increased by 282.47% compared to 2009, but this increase was not followed by a reduction in the burden of cost of goods, especially business and this increase was obtained from the contribution percentage increase in other income. (3) For Vertical Analysis of the Balance Sheet shows that in terms of assets, current assets are assets that make up the largest component but also cause considerable investment value embedded in current assets and also showed asset turnover, receivables turnover and working capital is very low under 1 times. (4) For the SHU Vertical analysis shows that income JAYA KOPSUCOFINDO more than 85% absorbed in the Cost of Goods. (5) For liquidity analysis showed that highly liquid KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA obtain an average value above 400%. (6) For solvency analysis shows that the performance is not good / not solvable because the results of the analysis LITA average of above 95%, Total Debt to Equity Ratio in the top 2.000%, and Net Worth Debt Ratio to average below 4%. (7) For activity ratios indicate that the performance is not good for Turnover of Assets value of 1 times. (8) For the rentability analysis KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA show results for ROA of 0.86% (2009), 1.31% (2010), 1.18% (2011), ROE in 2009 is 14.81%, 26.43% in 2010 and 2011 amounted to 31.11%, for the ROI of 0.56% in 2009, in 2010 was 0.96% and by 0.93% in 2011. (9) For the analysis of profitability, for the analysis of GPM in 2009 amounted to 1.49%, in 2010 of 2.31% and 3.92% in 2011. As for the analysis of NPM in 2009 amounted to 0.97%, in 2010 by 1.70% and by 3.10% in 2011. Keywords:  Cooperative Financial Performance, horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, Analysis of Liquidity, Solvency Analysis, Activity Analysis, Profitability Analysis, profitability analysis

Influence of Temperature Fields on the Quality of Dried Wood Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 336-344
Author(s):  
Olena Pinchevska ◽  
Andriy Spirochkin ◽  
Denys Zavialov ◽  
Rostislav Oliynyk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
White Spots ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Wood Heating

The reasons of white spots appearance in the middle of oak timber are determined. These white spots reduce the cost of the lamina made of oak timbers - the front covering of floorboards. It is proposed to intensify the drying process by using oscillating drying schedules to avoid this defect. A method for calculating the duration of such drying is proposed. This method includes the peculiarities of heating and cooling periods kinetics of oak timbers with 25 mm and 30 mm thickness. The inexpediency of using the oscillation of the drying agent parameters in the range of wood moisture content below 20% has been established. An adequate model for calculating wood temperature and air humidity during wood heating and cooling periods has been developed using heat and mass transfer criteria and experimentally determined oak wood moisture conductivity coefficient. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies oscillating drying schedules of different thickness oak timbers are offered. Tests of the proposed schedules in industrial conditions showed no discoloration of the central layers of European oak (Quercus robur) timbers. The drying process duration was reduced by 1.5–2.4 times and energy consumption were reduced by 1.53 times.

CHANGES IN THE TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL LEVEL OF STEAM CULTIVATORS IN THE XXI CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (143) ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
Andrey Yu. Nesmiyan ◽  
◽  
Anastasiya S. Kaymakova ◽  
Yuliya S. Tsench ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
The Cost

Most modern agricultural machines and tools consist of components, the main parameters, design features of which were justified in the first half of the twentieth century. Slowly and evolutionarily, these technical means are developing. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in identifying general trends in the technical and technological level of steam cultivators in the first quarter of the XXI century. (Materials and Methods) For the study there was analyzed the data of the short test reports of the selected machines. The production of steam cultivators in the Russian Federation is gradually increasing. (Results and discussion) For ten years of the beginning of the XXI century, only 27 machines were provided for testing, and from 2014 to 2017 – more than 40, while for "old" cultivators, the weighted average value of the tractor traction class was 2.8, for new ones it is about of four. For the study period (on average 10 years) the quality of soil cultivation in terms of such parameters as deviation from the specified depth of cultivation, crumbling and combing of the field surface has not changed much. The productivity of cultivator units increased by 7-21 percents, which is explained not only by an increase in the power of tractors, but also by an increase in the utilization rate of charge time on average from 0.72 to 0.77. The specific weight of the "new" cultivators was on average 22 kilogram-meters less than that of the "old" analogues, which can be explained by the evolution of their designs. (Conclusions) Increasing the class of tractors by one "level" the specific material consumption of the cultivators aggregated with them increases by about 58 kilogram-meters for both "old" and " new " cultivators. With an increase in the width of the tools from 4 to 16 meters, their weight will increase by 8 times, which affects the cost and operational and environmental characteristics of wide-reach cultivators.

Since blood transfusion is linked to the magnitude of the surgical procedure, comparing transfused patients to untransfused patients will always be confounded by infection risks due to factors related to the procedure. To control for these factors one must compare patients transfused with red cells from different sources or prepared in a manner which minimize infection risk. Patients transfused with homologous blood have infection rates several fold higher than recipients of equal values of autologous blood undergoing the same operative procedure (20-23). Homologous blood recipients have significantly longer hospital stays attributed to treating infections. The cost of a blood transfusion exceeds the cost of collection, storage and administration because of transfusion's association with length of stay. In this era of cost-containment the association with prolonged stay may ultimately curtail the use of blood. Homologous blood can be filtered to remove donor leukocytes which may be contributing to immune suppression and infection risk. A prospective randomized trial comparing the infection rates among colorectal cancer patients receiving filtered and unfiltered blood has been conducted (9). There were 17 infectious complications among the 56 recipients of whole blood and one infectious complication among the 48 recipients of filtered blood. Infections were prevented by the seemingly simplistic addition of a $25/filter to every bag of blood transfused. These clinical studies are very convincing: homologous blood transfusion is associated with increased risk of infection in every clinical situation examined. In multivariate analyses transfusion was a significant predictor of infection after consideration of other variables measured and in the majority of those studies transfusion was the single most significant factor. Patients receiving homologous blood exhibited an incidence of infectious complications that was approximately four times higher than patients receiving autologous blood. The association of transfusion with infection is found among patients undergoing surgery for cardiac, orthopedic and gastrointestinal disorders and for trauma as well as among unoperated patients transfused for bums and gastrointestinal bleeding. The observation that nosocomial infections are increased in these studies argues strongly that the association of transfusion with infection is not simply a reflection of transfusion as a marker of tissue destruction and contamination. Infections that develop in transfused patients away from the site of trauma or in the absence of trauma, cannot be attributed to the quantity of tissue destroyed or to the degree of bacterial contamination. Filtered blood can remove leukocytes and prevent postoperative infections. Since filtering blood can significantly reduce the incidence of infection among transfused patients, all transfused blood will be passing through filters in the very near future. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES RELATING BLOOD TRANSFUSION TO INCREASED RISK OF INFECTION Patients are extremely heterogeneous and even in prospective randomized trials, factors which influence patients' participation affect the outcome despite double-blinding and randomization. In animal studies using syngeneic strains with identical housing, lighting, access to food and water, control over the extent of injury, use of antibiotics and exposure to other variables the influence of a single variable such as blood transfusion can be measured. Dr. Waymack's laboratory has intensively studied parameters which interact with transfusion in

1995 ◽  
pp. 296-296
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Homologous Blood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE METHOD OF PROCESSING HOLES WITH A ROTARY CUP CUTTER WITH SURFACING

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bakytzhan Donenbayev ◽  
Karibek Sherov ◽  
Assylkhan Mazdubay ◽  
Aybek Sherov ◽  
Medgat Mussayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hard Metal ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Cost

This article presents the experimental study results of the process of rotational friction holes boring using a cup cutter surfaced by STOODY M7-G material. As a result of experimental studies, the following quality indicators were achieved: surface roughness within Ra=10÷1,25 micrometer; surface hardness within HB 212-248. Using a cup cutter surfaced by STOODY M7-G material in case of rotational friction boring of large-diameter holes for large-sized parts can improve processing performance in comparison with cutting tools equipped with hard metal plates and provided the required surface roughness. Preliminary calculations showed that the manufacture of cup cutters from non-instrumental materials reduces the cost of the cutting tool by 5-7 times and the cost of the operation by 1.5-2 times.

scholarly journals The DESIGN OF FIBER METAL LAMINATE AS A BODY MATERIAL WITH CARBON FIBER METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Oktober) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Muhammad Juliansyah Winarto ◽  
Lalu Saefullah ◽  
Willem Loe Mau
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Combat Vehicle ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Armored Vehicle

The combat vehicles that Indonesia Army belong to most of the materials are steel, for example the armored vehicle anoa 6x6. Steel material is used as a fire protection on the vehicle, it will greatly affect the performance of the vehicle. It is caused the steel material has a high density, which is around 7750 kg/m3to 8050 kg/m3. So, with a large enough volume of the vehicle body, it will increase the burden of the vehicle. As well as the engine load will increase, and more power is needed to be able to move the vehicle. Seeing these problems, it is necessary to have a research or study on alternative materials to replace the body of a combat vehicle that can withstand fire from opposing weapons that cause personnel to be injured. In this study, experimental and simulation methods were used using the ansys application to analyze the strength of the composite material in the form of an aluminum layer that had been treated to increase the hardness value. Furthermore, it is coated with a composite material using a carbon fiber matrix of epoxy, HGM and polyurethane. The coating material is called Fiber Metal Laminate (FML), so the material used has a lighter density, the load received by the vehicle engine is lighter, and the performance of the vehicle will be more effective and efficient.

scholarly journals PLANNING OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES WITH THE PURPOSE OF DEVELOPING THE MODE OF FACING DSTP WITH A THIN SLED VENEER OF WOOD MAHAGONI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Efimova ◽  
Tatyana Ishchenko ◽  
S. Dunaev
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Wood Furniture ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Huge Variety

The modern market offers mainly furniture made from traditional materials: chipboard and fiberboard, faced with synthetic materials (films, plastics). However, despite the huge variety of synthetic materials, they cannot convey the original texture, color of natural wood. Furniture made of natural wood and furniture made of panel materials, faced with sliced veneer, are classified as premium furniture due to the high cost and shortage of valuable wood species. To reduce the cost of production, it is proposed to use thin sliced and peeled veneer with a thickness of 0.4 mm. The problem is that the most common veneering defect is glue leakage, which depends on many factors, as well as the lack of clear recommendations for the choice of veneering modes. In this regard, the problem of developing a mode for veneering chipboards with thin sliced veneer of mahogany wood is relevant and requires research. The paper identifies variable factors and factors that remained constant during research. The conditions for conducting experimental studies are also given. To develop a methodology for conducting experimental studies, the method of uniform- rotatable planning of a second-order experiment was used.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study to Evaluate the Impact of the Programming Paradigm in the Testing Activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone de Rocio Senger de Souza ◽  
Marllos Paiva Prado ◽  
Ellen Francine Barbosa ◽  
José Carlos Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Programming Paradigm ◽  
Time Restrictions ◽  
Activity Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Programming Paradigms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Testing Criteria

Several techniques and criteria are available to help conducting testing activity. The choice for one of them depends on different aspects, such as the time restrictions, ef- fectiveness of the testing criteria or the features of the program under test. In this context, the programming paradigm might influence in the testing activity cost. This paper presents the results of an experimental study to characterize and evaluate the cost and strength of structural and functional testing criteria, comparing object-oriented and procedural programming paradigms. A set of 32 programs from the data structure do- main was considered in this study. The main goals in the execution of this research were: i) to obtain initial results about the investigated questions; ii) to generate artifacts which can be used as basis to define and conduct further experimental studies; iii) to support training and teaching of software testing activity.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MICROBIAL CARBONATE MINERALIZATION ON HYDROPHOBICITY OF A CEMENT STONE SURFACE

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
U. Duhanina ◽  
V. Strokova ◽  
D. Balickiy
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Stone Surface ◽  
Lysinibacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Microbial Carbonate ◽  
Contact Wetting Angle ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of microbial carbonate mineralization on increasing the hydrophobicity of the cement stone surface is theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed. Based on experimental studies and analysis of literature data, the main stages of microbial-induced sedimentation of calcium carbonate on the surface of a cement stone are formulated. Changes in the morphology of the cement stone surface due to crystalline new formations formed during biomineralization in the postgenetic period are described. It is shown that biocolmatation of the interstitial space of a cement stone by crystalline new formations leads to an increase in hydrophobicity, as evidenced by an increase in the contact wetting angle. The relationship between the change in the concentration of calcium in neoplasms and the average value of the contact wetting angle on the surface of the cement stone from the type of bacterial culture is established. According to chemical and morphological analysis of bioinduction tumors on the surface of samples and also evaluation of changes of the contact angle compared to the original index for cement, bacterial cultures are ranked in order to increase the efficiency of use for sedimentation of calcium carbonate with their participation, as well as increase of cement materials hydrophobicity in the following sequence: Sporosarcina pasteurii  Bacillus megaterium  Lysinibacillus sphaericus  Bacillus pumilus.

Results of experimental work on the application of the aquacrop rotation practice in fish ponds in Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Farhan Yasin Hamed Farhan Yasin Hamed ◽  
Lydia Mikhailovna Vasilyeva ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Sudakova ◽  
Ali Attala Muheisin ◽  
Adelia Zakirovna Anokhina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fish Productivity

The use of the crop rotation method in fish farming makes it possible to increase fish productivity and crop yields in ponds. In the countries of the Middle East, in recent years, the Aqua Crop rotation practice has been developing, in particular, the consistent cultivation of fish and rice in fish ponds, which allows eliminating the contradictions between these crops and increasing production efficiency. In Iraq, an experiment was carried out on the variable cultivation of rice and carp in fish ponds for four years, with the aim of introducing this practice into the country’s agriculture. Four ponds, each with an area of 7.5 hectares, were involved. The research was carried out in two variants: in experiment No.1 rice was grown in the first year, fish in the second, then rice again and in the fourth year — fish, in the second experiment, on the contrary, at the beginning of the fish, then rice, etc. The fish-breeding season lasted 9 months (March to November). Fish-breeding indicators were studied in detail: survival rate, feed costs, fish productivity, the results of rice cultivation were judged by yield. In addition, indicators of economic efficiency were determined according to a simplified scheme. The results indicate that, in general, fish-breeding indicators turned out to be higher when growing fish in ponds after rice, so fish productivity increased by almost 30% with an average value of 3.9 t/ha, feed costs decreased, while rice yield increased by 15–16% and averaged 3.6 t/ha. The best fish-breeding indicators were obtained in the second experiment after rice was grown in the ponds for two years. Economic calculations confirmed the advantages of using the aquacrop rotation practice, so in the second experiment the cost of marketable fish decreased by 10%, and the profitability increased by almost 30%.

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