Single-Phase Production Profiling in Conventional Oil Producers Using Fiber-Optic Surveillance

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how both Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) data, acquired using a fiber-optic cable installed and cemented behind a 7" production casing, could be used for single-phase production allocation in two conventional oil producers in the South of the Sultanate of Oman. DAS data can be processed, time-averaged, and filtered to specific frequency bands, to identify and monitor the acoustic frequencies that are excited by the flow through the perforation tunnels. It will be shown that under certain assumptions, the flow-induced acoustic amplitudes at the perforations can be calibrated and converted into actual flow rates, which allows for continuous production profiling across all intervals of interest. DTS data, acquired under transient conditions, can also be analyzed using a thermal simulation model, to allocate production to specific perforation intervals, provided an appropriate logging program is followed. DTS is not as good as DAS in capturing dynamic changes to the inflow profile, but does have a deeper depth of investigation and is less sensitive to the geometry of the perforation tunnels or possible flow obstructions in the wellbore. The two technologies are therefore complimentary and are best acquired simultaneously. This is the first case study in the Sultanate of Oman, where both DAS and DTS data sets were successfully acquired and interpreted for single-phase production profiling in a conventional oil producer with perforated casing. Moreover, it was also the first time in Oman that oriented perforation was achieved with full shot density, through a double perforation run with a slight offset in orientation angle between the two runs.

Co-Production of Isoprene and Lactate by Engineered Escherichia coli in Microaerobic Conditions

Lactate and isoprene are two common monomers for the industrial production of polyesters and synthetic rubbers. The present study tested the co-production of D-lactate and isoprene by engineered Escherichia coli in microaerobic conditions. The deletion of alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE) and acetate kinase (ackA) genes, along with the supplementation with betaine, improved the co-production of lactate and isoprene from the substrates of glucose and mevalonate. In fed-batch studies, microaerobic fermentation significantly improved the isoprene concentration in fermentation outlet gas (average 0.021 g/L), compared with fermentation under aerobic conditions (average 0.0009 g/L). The final production of D-lactate and isoprene can reach 44.0 g/L and 3.2 g/L, respectively, through fed-batch microaerobic fermentation. Our study demonstrated a dual-phase production strategy in the co-production of isoprene (gas phase) and lactate (liquid phase). The increased concentration of gas-phase isoprene could benefit the downstream process and decrease the production cost to collect and purify the bio-isoprene from the fermentation outlet gas. The proposed microaerobic process can potentially be applied in the production of other volatile bioproducts to benefit the downstream purification process.

Analisa Korelasi Nilai Konduktivitas Air Pendingin Terhadap Efisiensi Turbin Uap PLTP Karaha

Uap yang digunakan sebagai penggerak turbin berasal dari sumur produksi dua fasa dengan karakteristik water dominated. Selain water dominated, uap dari sumur mengandung banyak mineral dari perut bumi seperti Silika, Klorida, Sodium, Kalsium, Sulfate, Potasium, Magnesium, Boron dan Iron. Mineral tersebut ikut terlarut bersama uap yang terkondensasi menjadi kondensat, kondensat yang didinginkan untuk dipakai kembali sebagai air pendingin mengandung zat-zat pengotor yang mempengaruhi proses heat mass balance PLTP Karaha 1x30MW.Kondisi tersebut merupakan masalah yang diangkat pada penelitian ini dengan melakukan uji analisa korelasi konduktivitas air pendingin terhadap efisiensi PLTP Karaha 1x30MW dengan menggunakan software orange 3.27.1.Dari hasil analisa pearson correlation, scatter plot dan distributions didapatkan korelasi yang cukup kuat antara konduktivitas air terhadap efisiensi turbin dengan nilai koefisien pearson correlation yang sebesar -0.436. Konduktivitas air pendingin dengan nilai rata-rata 1181 µS/cm memiliki efisiensi turbin diatas 71.5%, sedangkan konduktivitas air pendingin dengan nilai rata-rata 1248 µS/cm memiliki efisiensi turbin dibawah 66.4%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan kenaikan dan penurunan konduktivitas air pendingin memiliki korelasi dengan efisiensi turbin uap PLTP Karaha 1x30 MW. The steam used to drive the turbine comes from a two-phase production well with the characteristic of being water dominated. Apart from water dominated, steam from the wells contains many minerals from the bowels of the earth, such as Silica, Chloride, Sodium, Calcium, Sulfate, Potassium, Magnesium, Boron and Iron. These minerals are also dissolved with the steam which condenses into condensate, condensate which is cooled to be reused as cooling water contains impurities that affect the heat mass balance process of PLTP Karaha 1x30MW.This condition is a problem that is raised in this research by analyzing the correlation analysis of cooling water conductivity to the efficiency of Karaha 1x30MW PLTP using orange 3.27.1 software.From the analysis of the pearson correlation, scatter plot and distributions, it was found that there was a strong correlation between water conductivity and turbine efficiency with the pearson correlation coefficient value of -0.436. The conductivity of the cooling water with an average value of 1181 µS / cm has a turbine efficiency above 71.5%, while the conductivity of the cooling water with an average value of 1248 µS / cm has a turbine efficiency below 66.4%. So it can be concluded that the increase and decrease in cooling water conductivity has a correlation with the efficiency of the Karaha 1x30 MW PLTP steam turbine.

Penerapan Antrian dan Pemesanan Online di Aplikasi Pearl Salon And BarberShop Berbasis Mobile

Pearl Salon and Barbershop is a provider of services and services engaged in the body care of women and men in the city of Palangkaraya. Pearl Salon and Barbershop itself wants to increase the number of turnover and maintain customer loyalty pearl in the service and services in the field of body care by creating queue applications and ordering online. Building this application uses extreme programming (xp) method software development methodology, which has stages, Exploration phase, Planning phase, Iteration Phase, Production Phase, and Maintenance Phase. At the concept stage, namely by describing the project and analysis of the system to be made. The application and website creation phase of this study used Android Studio, Firebase, XML, Java, PHP, Javascript, CSS, and JSON. The tests performed on these applications and websites use a type of Black Box testing, where the Black Box testing focuses on the requirements or functional needs of the software created. With the construction of Pearl Salon and Barbershop application can produce a system of queues and bookers that facilitate customers salon and barbershop, and realize optimal service, so that the owner can increase the trust and income of the customer salon and barbershop itself

Vapor-phase production of nanomaterials

This review comprehensively treats aerosol synthesis of nanomaterials, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of different approaches with examples of materials produced.

Designing a Visual Novel Game in Nusantara Folklore 'The Origin of Lake Toba' using Renpy Visual Novel Engine

<p align="justify">Public knows about the folklore of the archipelago in Indonesia through stories told directly by parents and their families, passed down orally from parents to children and their ancestors to future generations. Likewise, the folklore of the origin of Lake Toba. The folklore of the archipelago seems to be slowly disappearing because it is only passed down orally and is less desirable and does not rule out being forgotten and extinct. This is what makes the writer decide to conduct research on the folklore of the archipelago through the media of games, namely visual novels with the story of the origin of Lake Toba as the object. The researcher wants to make an application in the form of animation with the help of a program that wants to be enjoyed by many people and can also be used as a learning medium.The game application that will be produced will later be made using the Ren'Py Novel Visual Engine application and the research method that the author will use is an extreme programming as a management system with the following stages: Exploration Phase, Planning Phase, Iteration Phase, Production Phase, Maintenance Phase and Final Publication Stage ( Death Phase), with the existing tools can make the application of the story of the origin of Lake Toba well, then for future research to make it in a 3-dimension version</p>