Leaving the Victorian Children’s Institution: Aftercare, Friendship and Support

This article explores the needs of young people leaving residential care and the provision of aftercare support in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Young people’s discharge, aftercare and post-institutional experiences occupy a peripheral position in scholarship on institutional care. This essay broadens interpretations of aftercare, which have been presented as inadequate inspections that monitored employment performance. Examining the formal and informal systems that aimed to enhance care-leavers’ welfare and wellbeing, the essay offers new understandings of the ongoing provision of practical and emotional support to young people, and the importance of sustained contact and affective ties between former inmates and institutional staff.

A Sedation Team Approach

The administrative organization of a pediatric procedural sedation service is guided by Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) regulations. CMS specifically allows, within the broader regulations, institution-specific policies and structures to be developed and applied to the needs of the patient population served and institutional staff available. The sedation team approach has both advantages and disadvantages when compared to a sedation unit approach. A sedation team allows more flexibility to function outside the four walls of one set unit. The providers who deliver the sedation may vary within the team. Although there are many ways to structure a sedation team, the key to success is having a flexible yet well-organized approach that works in the given system and meets the needs of the patients who need procedural sedation care.

Orientation in an IEP as Alignment With Core Value Systems

In this chapter, a comprehensive orientation system for international tertiary students in a new country is presented. Student-run activities (facilitated by expert institutional staff) align teenagers with societal norms, institutional expectations, and personal value systems. This orientation prevents learning inhibitors, leaving students' minds unburdened with navigation of structures new to them (i.e., finance, health, immigration, and administration). Nondomestic students enacting conflict resolution, plagiarism prevention, proper police interaction, and etiquette (among others) is requisite for institutions of higher education in any country.

Stick Together and Come Back Home

This book focuses on the spillover of carceral identity into poor communities of color as a collateral consequence of mass incarceration. Analyzing fifteen months of ethnographic research in two juvenile justice institutions and interviews with seventy paroled adults, probation youth, and institutional staff, I argue that punitive facilities institutionalize and enforce a “carceral social order”—a system of social organization in which authorities divide people by race, home communities, and peer networks into gang-associated groups. This social order is rooted in the prison, where racial sorting shapes day-to-day life and relationships for the incarcerated and where prisoners use the resulting collective identities to navigate the segregated institution. But this social order also seeps back into the neighborhoods that are disproportionately impacted by mass incarceration. Local youth learn about it through the experiences of imprisoned loved ones, but they also encounter it themselves as it is reproduced locally in juvenile justice facilities that adopt the prison’s sorting practices. This book focuses on understanding how the institutions of the justice system shape the identities that we commonly recognize as criminal, as well as on mapping how this influence extends from the prison to the neighborhood. Through this analysis, we can see how local communities are impacted by the socializing power of the prison system, how this influence exposes residents to ongoing criminal labeling and violence, and how the fallout of this spillover is experienced across generations.

Controversions of imprisonmet and prisons

It is likely that there is no phenomenon that has led to more discussion and which has caused such contradictory assessments as the case of the prison sentence and the penitentiary institutions in which it is carried out. It seems that criminologists and penologists can not agree on any matter related to the prison sentence and penitentiary institution - from when they were created - to the explanation of why they survive despite all the criticism. After a brief review of the history of imprisonment and penitentiary institutions, the paper highlights the basic problems of modern penitentiary systems related to institutions, the population in them, the institutional staff and the relationship of the society towards them. It also pointed to attempts to find an exit from the crisis of the penitentiary system in order to eventually find an answer to the question: why does society, despite all the controversies that have been accompanying them for two centuries, continues to hold deprivation of liberty and penitentiary institutions as a key part of the penal system? The answer is: because it suits those who make strategic political decisions, but also the opinions of citizens about what to do with offenders. The most that science can do today is to influence the development of awareness that there are other ways of reacting and that there are people in the penitentiaries who, in order to protect the society, do not have to be there; also, and to influence that those who are there are provided with the conditions of a decent person, and to devise such treatments that will reduce the recidivism.

Trials and tribulations of conducting bio-behavioral surveys in prisons: implementation science and lessons from Ukraine

Purpose – Ukraine is home to Europe’s worst HIV epidemic, overwhelmingly fueled by people who inject drugs who face harsh prison sentences. In Ukraine, HIV and other infectious diseases are concentrated in prisons, yet the magnitude of this problem had not been quantified. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the systematic health survey of prisoners in the former Soviet Union (FSU). Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative interviews were carried out with research and prison administrative staff to assess the barriers and facilitators to conducting a bio-behavioral survey in Ukrainian prisons. Findings – Crucial barriers at the institutional, staff, and participant level require addressing by: first, ensuring Prison Department involvement at every stage; second, tackling pre-conceived attitudes about drug addiction and treatment among staff; and third, guaranteeing confidentiality for participants. Originality/value – The burden of many diseases is higher than expected and much higher than in the community. Notwithstanding the challenges, scientifically rigorous bio-behavioral surveys are attainable in criminal justice systems in the FSU with collaboration and careful consideration of this specific context.

Anthropomorphic and hormone abnormalities in testicular cancer patients.

233 Background: Studies show a range of environmental and genetic associations with testicular cancer, specifically testicular dysgenesis, increased height, and multiple dysplastic naevi. To confirm these findings, we studied a cohort of testicular cancer patients and healthy controls. We also studied a cohort of unaffected relatives of patients to identify if any noted differences might be due to shared genetic/environmental background. Methods: We identified index cases from the hospital database. They nominated an unaffected relative and an unrelated friend. Controls were supplemented by recruitment of institutional staff. Results: 183 index cases (IC), 57 unaffected relatives (UR) and 103 unrelated controls (UC) were identified. Mean age was 47 years (25-78) IC, 44 years (18-74) in UR and 42 years (20-74) in UC. IC treated by chemotherapy (ch) had higher mean FSH than non chemotherapy patients (s)[18.98 v 13.22 (p=0.01)] and lower mean testosterone [ch:12.21, s:13.52 (p=0.04)] though mean LH [ch:7.94, s:6.05 (p=0.10)] and BMI (ch:27.38 s:26.81 (p=0.33) were not significantly different. Conclusions: In contrast to other studies, we found both testicular cancer patients and their relatives were shorter and with reduced arm length compared with controls; a sign of a possible shared genetic or environmental effect. There was no significant difference in weight, BMI, body fat %, lean body mass, and leg length. FSH and LH were significantly elevated and testosterone reduced in index cases (but not relatives) particularly in those who had chemotherapy. The lack of difference between relatives and controls suggests these are most in keeping with direct treatment effects. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.