Влияние структурно-морфологических характеристик на сенсорные свойства пленок Cd-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Pb-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-S

Polycrystalline films of CdxPb1−x S (0.021 ≤ x ≤ 0.090) supersaturated substitutional solid solutions with a cubic structure B1 (Fm3¯m space group) have been obtained with varying cadmium acetate salt Cd(CH3COO)2 in the reaction mixture within 0.01−0.1 mol/l on the sitall substrates. Their thickness changed from ∼ 0.4 to ∼ 1.0 microns. A correlation has been established between the structural-morphological and functional properties of CdxPb1−x S thin-film layers. The extreme character of the voltage sensitivity dependence on the cadmium salt concentration in the reaction bath is associated with the nonmonotonic introduction of cadmium into the PbS crystal lattice. It is shown that the maximum photocurrent is possessed by CdxPb1−x S thin-film layers formed from crystallites with pronounced faceting. We have found the surface sensitivity of the CdxPb1−xS films to the presence of ∼ 0.02 mg/m3 NO2 in the air, which is significantly lower than the maximum allowable concentration.

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT OF MUTANT LINES FROM COMMON WHEAT VARIETIES

Among cereals, a special place is occupied by wheat as the main food of humanity and in improving the country's economy. The main task of breeding is to produce valuable wheat varieties that are stable to the unfavorable external environment of various natural climatic zones of Kazakhstan, consisting of a combination of valuable features. The prospects for the use of mutants in the process of hybridization are reflected in the achievements of world and domestic selection. The effect of various solutions of chemical compounds on the plant was observed from the first days during the growth of wheat sprouts. The growth of the first sprout of seeds treated with a certain solution of cadmium chloride and zinc chloride - 0.01%, the activity of cell division and structural disorders of chromosomes were manifested by variability in the varieties Kazakhstani3, Shagala, Zhenis and Lutescens 32. When treating dry wheat grain with a concentration of 0.1% cadmium chloride, it brought the growth of the Sprout to a lethal state, 0.01% inhibited the growth of the Sprout for 4 days, and in a 0.001% solution, the growth rate of the control grains was the same. On the contrary, a 0.1% vertical solution of zinc chloride inhibited the growth of the Sprout for 1 Week, 0.01% for three days. Among the studied concentrations, a 0.01% solution of cadmium chloride inhibited the growth of sprouts, causing chromosomal aberrations and morphological variability in cell division. Therefore, a concentration of 0.01% of cadmium salt was obtained as an optimal concentration to expand the limits of variability in wheat. In this regard, in our study, it was found that a 0.01% solution of cadmium chloride is an effective concentration that expands the limits of variability in wheat. The effect of this amount of solution leads to morphological changes in the plant (Binding of the stem, elongation of the earlobe, increase in the number and weight of grains in the headlobe, increase in the weight of 1000 grains, etc.), and changes in the characteristics of the M1 - M4 offspring are constantly inherited. Mutant lines L1, L2 and L3 differ in valuable breeding characteristics under the influence of a 0.01 percent solution of cadmium salt were obtained for the Kazakhstanskaya 3 and Shagala varieties. A genetic analysis of the type of development of these altered lines was carried out, as a result of which a long (16 cm) dense ear (0.80) changed from the Gull variety to a prismatic plant of the control variety (0.50), as a result of hybridization, its summer type (from the vrn gene) to the autumn type (Vrn gene). As a result of the study, Kazakhstanskaya 3, Kazakhstanskaya mutant 3 varieties contain the genes Vrn 1, Vrn 3. Well, it was found that Shagala varieties consist of the genes Vrnl, Vrn2. Varieties containing the genes Vrn1, Vrn3 show rapid maturation. However, they differed from each other in the period of intoxication.

Modification of the clastogenic effects of cadmium in rat bone marrow with the melaxen

При хроническом применении мелаксена в дозе 10 мг/кг индукции генотоксических эффектов в костном мозге крыс не выявлено. Метафазный анализ после хронического совместного внутрижелудочного введения соли кадмия 0,3 мг/кг (в пересчете на металл) и мелаксена показал протекторные свойства последнего (р<0,01). There was no reveled induction of genotoxic effects in rat bone marrow at the constant use of “melaxen” at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The chronic joint intragastric injection of a cadmium salt of 0.3 mg / kg (in terms of metal) and “melaxen “ showed the protective properties of the remedy (p<0.01) after metaphase analysis.

The effect of nitrogen monoxide donors on the indexes of cadmium-induced oxidative stress in different rat tissues

Oxidative stress is considered to be the main mechanism of cadmium ions toxic effect on the cells and is caused by cadmium, as a non-transition metal, indirectly. Oxidative damage to cells due to the action of cadmium ions is tissue-specific and is associated with the antioxidant system inhibition, free heme accumulation and essential metals substitution in metalloproteins. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) exhibits high affinity for heme and proteins and peptides sulfhydryl groups, known to be the main molecular targets for cadmium ions. Taking all the above-mentioned into account, the aim of this work was to study the effect of NO radicals donors on the prooxidant-antioxidant state of mammalian tissues under oxidative stress caused by cadmium chloride administration in vivo. Male Wistar rats weighing 160–200 g were used in the study. CdCl2 was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 14 mg/kg body weight. The direct donor of the NO radical sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1 mg/kg mass) and the substrate of the NO synthase reaction L-arginine (600 mg/kg mass) were administered intraperitoneally. In order to study the corrective action, donors of the NO radical were injected 0.5 h before the cadmium salt. The objects of investigation were blood plasma and liver, kidneys and spleen homogenates of rats. The cadmium chloride treatment caused a number of prooxidant-antioxidant balance disorders, most of which were revealed a day after injection. The accumulation of lipid peroxidation products was found in rat serum, liver, and spleen. The enhancement of prooxidant processes in these tissues may originate from cadmium ions and hemolysis products entry. In the antioxidant system, significant changes were observed under cadmium action only in the liver: an increase in the reduced glutathione content and SOD activity and a decrease in catalase activity. The precursor of nitric oxide L-arginine did not change the basal level of prooxidant-antioxidant parameters, and in most cases did not affect their dynamics in the organs studied after cadmium chloride administration. A direct NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, acted in liver and spleen mostly as a prooxidant. In liver, the injection of only nitroprusside, as well as the combined administration of SNP and CdCl2, led to free radical processes activation just in two hours. In spleen, the combined treatment by SNP and cadmium salt also caused an earlier development of oxidative stress, as witnessed by an increase in lipid hydroperoxides level and a decrease in reduced glutathione content. Therefore, the injection of a direct NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, and a substrate of NO synthase, L-arginine, in selected doses has insignificant corrective action on cadmium-induced oxidative stress in the liver, kidneys and spleen. However, in blood both donors of NO effectively prevented the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products under CdCl2 treatment; in addition, L-arginine significantly reduced the lactate dehydrogenase release, which may indicate blood cells and blood vessels protection from the damage caused by cadmium ions.

A New Wells-Dawson-based Organic-Inorganic Honeycomb Hybrid Compound with Cadmium Bis(2,2´-biimidazole) Spacers

A new Wells-Dawson-based organic-inorganic honeycomb hybrid compound, namely [Cd3(H2biim)6P2W18O62]·2H2O (1) (H2biim=2,2´-biimidazole), was hydrothermally synthesized by using a cadmium salt, the biimidazole ligand and the Wells-Dawson-type POM, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy. In compound 1, each polyoxoanion cluster [P2W18O62]6- is coordinated by six [Cd(H2biim)2]2+ subunits via six of its terminal oxygen atoms on two equatorial sites. Each [Cd(H2biim)2]2+ subunit links two adjacent polyoxoanions. Thus, the linking styles of the [P2W18O62]6- and [Cd(H2biim)2]2+ subunits induce a honeycomb-like layer. The electrochemical and photocatalytic properties of the title compound have been studied.

A Spectral and Structural Study of the New Cadmium Salt [(H2L)2][Cd2I6][(NO3)2]

The reaction between 2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethanol and cyclohexene oxide under microwave irradiation gave 2-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)cyclohexanol (L). The new cadmium salt [(H2L)2][Cd2I6][(NO3)2] (1) was prepared from the reaction of cadmium iodide with L and identified by elemental analysis, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the crystal structure of 1, there is a [Cd2I6]2- dianion with distorted tetrahedral geometry for each cadmium atom. The piperazine and cyclohexane rings in 1 have a chair conformation. In the crystal there are several intermolecular hydrogen bonds including N-H···O, O-H···O, O-H···I, C-H···O, and C-H···I interactions.