Evaluation and Optimization of Urban Basic Education Facilities Layout based on GIS——A Case Study in Xuzhou, China

The layout of educational facilities has become a hot topic in urban geography research. Guides by rational demand consensus, typical human settlements extraction and matching of physical property planning, this paper constructs an evaluation system for the spatial layout of urban basic education facilities from the perspective of “Homo-Urbanicus” theory. The content includes the evaluation of accessibility, evaluation of bearing pressure, classification of layout types, selection and analysis of excellent communities. This paper conducts an empirical research on the basic education facilities of kindergartens, elementary schools and middle schools in the main urban area of Xuzhou City. And then, we delineated excellent community, standard communities, under-covered communities, overstressed communities, undeveloped communities on the basis of evaluation results. Finally, we selected sample communities for analysis, and put forward relevant optimization strategies.

Mutually Consistent Revealed Preference Demand Predictions

Revealed preference restrictions are increasingly used to predict demand behavior at new budgets of interest and as shape restrictions in nonparametric estimation exercises. However, the restrictions imposed are not sufficient for rationality when predictions are made at multiple budgets. I highlight the non-convexities in the set of predictions that arise when making multiple predictions. I develop a mixed integer programming characterization of the problem that can be used to impose rationality on multiple predictions. The approach is applied to the UK Family Expenditure Survey to recover rational demand predictions with substantially reduced computational resources compared to known alternatives. (JEL C61, D11, D12)

Book Reviews

Hal R. Varian of the University of California, Berkeley reviews “Revealed Preference Theory,” by Christopher P. Chambers and Federico Echenique. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Presents mathematical models that capture the preferences revealed through consumer choice behavior, addresses the relation between theory and data, and studies situations in which empirical observations are consistent or inconsistent with theories in economics. Discusses mathematical preliminaries; classical abstract choice theory; rational demand; topics in rational demand; practical issues in revealed preference analysis; production; stochastic choice; choice under uncertainty; general equilibrium theory; game theory; social choice and political science; revealed preference and systems of polynomial inequalities; and revealed preference and model theory.”

A Theory of Rational Demand for Index Insurance

Rational demand for index insurance products is shown to be fundamentally different to that for indemnity insurance products due to the presence of basis risk. In particular, optimal demand is zero for infinitely risk-averse individuals, and is nonmonotonic in risk aversion, wealth, and price. For a given belief, upper bounds are derived for the optimal demand from risk-averse and decreasing absolute risk-averse decision makers. A simple ratio for monitoring basis risk is presented and applied to explain the low level of demand for consumer hedging instruments as a rational response to deadweight costs and basis risk. (JEL D14, D81, G13, G22, Q14)

National Security Environments, Patriotism, and Japanese Public Opinion

This study examines Japanese reactions to neighboring countries’ behavior by addressing possible micro-motives, such as patriotism, the rational demand for national defense, and retrospective policy evaluation. This theoretical development leads to distinctive hypotheses from different motivations and directly tests them using macro-data (not survey data). This research will apply this framework to Japanese politics and will show that foreign threats stimulate patriotism in the public mind and enhance political support for national leaders. It will also demonstrate that the Japanese public has no optimistic view of the new prime minister and that the honeymoon effect in previous research may be confounded with the patriotic effect because the new leader is less experienced and is often challenged by foreign countries.

Study on Development and Application of Green Environmental Clothing Materials

Nowadays, human society is facing three major issues: environment, resource and population, among which environmental issue is especially outstanding. With the rapid development of global economy and science and technology, more and more people begin to pay attention to the deteriorating environment, in particular, limited resource and unsustainable environment are realized by more countries. Western countries proposed application of environmental protection concept to modern human industrial activities very early. Based on this, research and development of environmental clothes began in 1930s, when western countries started to study environmental clothes for the purpose of security and strategy. It becomes consumers’ rational demand to choose environmental clothes.