Isidore of Seville on ius gentium: The View of a Theologian

In this article, my objective is to provide an understanding of Isidore of Seville’s enormously influential definition of ius gentium in its own right. Recent studies have primarily focused on the legal aspects of Isidore’s conception of ius gentium. However, while Isidore as a man of learning was familiar with the legal categories he used, it is by no means certain that his understanding of legal concepts would match that of a contemporary jurist. Isidore was a theologian, and there are strong indications that he was more than a mere transmitter of classical knowledge. In this article, I show that he was an original thinker whose conception of ius gentium contained several innovative features that could not be fully grasped without a deep understanding of his theological ideas based on Augustine and Gregory the Great.

Some Aspects of the Pantheistic Doctrine by I. G. Fichte

The article deals with some aspects of the philosophical outlook of I. G. Fichte. It was possible to identify key aspects of the philosophical views of the thinker. By analyzing his philosophical positions, the conviction is growing that he was a major and original thinker, who in a new way comprehended important philosophical problems and had a significant impact on subsequent generations of philosophers. As a result, the article allows us to understand the place and significance of the German philosopher in the history of philosophy, his contribution to the development of critical philosophy after Kant.

Julia Iribarne como traductora

El artículo comienza con una consideración general en torno a la traducción inspirada en las reflexiones de Hans-Georg Gadamer. Se enfatiza el hecho de que la traducción no es simplemente un reflejo especular del texto original sino una sobreiluminación que oscila entre la participación en la cosa que se discute y la traición al sentido traducido. Una segunda sección está dedicada a la obra de Julia Iribarne como traductora de artículos y libros filosóficos. Se subrayan tanto su carácter de experta en lenguas y cuestiones filosóficas como su condición de pensadora original preocupada por los mismos temas que traduce. Por último, se listan brevemente sus traducciones y se ofrece un comentario más detallado de su última gran realización, la traducción de la Crisis de Edmund Husserl, completada en el añoThe paper begins with a general consideration on translation inspired by Hans-Georg Gadamer’s reflections. The fact is stressed that no translation is simply a mirroring of the original text, but rather a highlighting that fluctuates between participation in the subject under discussion and betrayal of the translated sense. A second section is devoted to Julia Iribarne’s work as translator of philosophical papers and books. Her expertise in languages and philosophical issues, as well as her status as an original thinker engaged in the very topics she translates, are underlined. Finally, her translations are briefly listed, and a rather detailed commentary on her last major achievement, the translation of Edmund Husserl’s Crisis completed in 2008, is provided.

Czas biednych diabłów. Carla Schmitta krytyka współczesnej mu epoki w drugim dziesięcioleciu XX wieku oraz jego narodziny jako myśliciela politycznego

The author examines the critique of the epoch, which German philosopher of law and political theoretician Carl Schmitt worked out in the 1920s. Since this topic is present in most of Schmitt’s works from that period, author chose to discuss three, in which this subject isn’t considered on the margins, but on the foreground: a text concerning the poem by Theodor Däubler Nordlicht, Political Romanticism and Age of Neutralizations and Depoliticizations. While the latter is well known in Poland, the first two – a little worse, as well as the whole reflection and biography of Carl Schmitt in that period. The consistency with which Schmitt engaged in the criticism of the times in which he lived, allows us to show how he was born as a political thinker: main ideas of his political theology have their source in the criticism of the era. In addition, the author presents criticism created by Schmitt on the background of that one developed by other thinkers, to point out the differences between this two approaches to the same epoch. The aim of the study is, first, to bring Polish reader closer to the not-so-well-studied period of Schmitt’s reflection and biography (by reaching beyond the above-mentioned works also to the journal of Carl Schmitt, as well as his youthful literary work Schattenrisse, written together with Fritz Eisler), secondly: to present Schmitt as an original thinker of his era.

Engels vs. Marx?: Two Hundred Years of Frederick Engels

At the bicentenary of his birth, Frederick Engels's reputation as an original thinker is, among Anglophone academics at least, at its nadir. Despite the recent global economic crisis and associated increases in inequality that have tended to confirm Karl Marx and Engels's general critique of capitalism, Marxism is an optimistic doctrine that has not fared well in a context dominated by working-class retreat and demoralization. But if this context has been unpropitious for Marxism generally, criticisms of Engels's thought have a second, quite separate, source. Over the course of the twentieth century, a growing number of commentators have claimed that Engels fundamentally distorted Marx's thought, and that "Marxism" and especially Stalinism emerged out of this one-sided caricature of Marx's ideas.

Developing Homosexuality: Fritz Morgenthaler, Junction Points and Psychoanalytic Theory

The Swiss psychoanalyst Fritz Morgenthaler (1919–84) is well known in German-speaking psychoanalysis as an early exponent of Heinz Kohut's self psychology, as an ethnopsychoanalytic researcher and as an original thinker on the topics of dreams, psychoanalytic technique and especially on sexuality (perversions, heterosexuality, homosexuality). In 1980, he presented the first psychoanalytic conception of homosexuality in the German-speaking world that did not view homosexuality in terms of deviance or pathology. His theory of ‘junction points’ ( Weichenstellungen) postulates three decisive moments in the development of homosexuality: a prioritized cathexis of autoeroticism in narcissistic development, a Janus-facedness of homosexual desire as an outcome of the Oedipal complex and the coming out in puberty. According to Morgenthaler, this development can result in non-neurotic or neurotic homosexuality. Less known than the theory of junction points and to some degree even concealed by himself (his earlier texts appeared later on in corrected versions) are Morgenthaler's pre-1980 accounts of homosexuality which deserve to be called homophobic. Starting with a discussion of this early work, the article outlines Morgenthaler's theoretical development with special focus on his theory of junction points and how this theory was taken up in psychoanalytic theory.

Duns Scotus

After a brief summary of Duns Scotus’ life and works, this chapter offers an overview of Scotus’ theology, showing how Scotus’ principal theological aim was theoretical generality: the attempt to treat of God and creatures using the same metaphysical tools—in particular, the same theories of unity and distinction. Despite his status as a radically innovative and original thinker, Scotus’ debt to twelfth-century theology is also highlighted, along with the aim, shared with these earlier theologians, of showing as much as possible of the Christian faith without appeal to revelation. Topics covered include: the theory of individuation, the coherence of the doctrine of the Trinity, the proof for the existence of God as a Trinity of persons, the univocity of being, the Immaculate Conception, Christocentrism, will and freedom, and the doctrine of grace.

Oliver Heaviside's electromagnetic theory

The year 2018 marks the 125th anniversary of the first of three published volumes on electromagnetic theory by the eminent Victorian electrical engineer, physicist and mathematician, Oliver Heaviside FRS. This commemorative issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A celebrates the publication of this work by collecting papers on a broad spectrum across the field of electromagnetic theory, including innovative research papers interspersed between historical perspectives and relevant reviews. Heaviside was a remarkable man, an original thinker with brilliant mathematical powers and physical insight who made many significant contributions in his fields of interest, though he is remembered primarily for his ‘step function’, commonly used today in many branches of physics, mathematics and engineering. Here, we celebrate the man and his work by illustrating his major contributions and highlighting his great success in solving some of the great telegraphic engineering problems of the Victorian era, in part due to his development and detailed understanding of the governing electromagnetic theory. We celebrate his Electromagnetic theory : three volumes of insights, techniques and understanding from mathematical, physical and engineering perspectives—as dictated by J. C. Maxwell FRS, but interpreted, reformulated and expanded by Heaviside to advance the art and science of electrical engineering beyond all expectations. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating 125 years of Oliver Heaviside's ‘Electromagnetic Theory’’.

Educational Thought Of Dr. Radha Krishnan

Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan the name needs no introduction. A philosopher, a great teacher, a scholar par-excellence, a creative genius, a great humanist, a spiritualist, a man of vision, a man of mission, a man of principles, an idealist, an orator with the gift of the gab, an original thinker, an eminent author and then the role of the Executive Head of India are a few outlines of this personality. He was one of the greatest educationists in India. He not only enlightened India, but also the whole world by his outstanding personality and intellect. He shines like a luminous star in the galaxy of intellectuals. He was a great son of India. His birthday is celebrated as the Teacher‟s day in India

Philodemus (c.110–c.40 BC)

Philodemus of Gadara, a Greek epigrammatic poet, was also an influential Epicurean philosopher. Scrolls containing many of his works, buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in ad 79, have been partially recovered and deciphered. Their themes include epistemology, theology, ethics, philosophical history, poetics, rhetoric and music. He energetically defends Epicureanism against other philosophies, and his own interpretation of Epicureanism against rival factions. Although not a notably original thinker, Philodemus became highly regarded in educated Roman circles.