Ἀβλαβὲς ὕδωρ y ἀάατον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ

"In Theocritus Idyll XXIV, 98 ἀβλαβὲς ὕδωρ the adjective retains the Homeric sense of βλάπτω, βλάβομαι, ‘stop something from moving forward at speed’, while evoking the phrase ἀάατον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ from Iliad XIV, 271, because ἀβλαβής was an usual explanation of the difficult word ἀάατος in the ancient exegesis."

REVEALING EFL STUDENTS’ RESPONSES ON THE USE OF SOCRATIVE IN READING ACTIVITY

Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0 has influenced practice of English Foreign Language (EFL) instruction. One of which is through the deployment of Socrative as the technology integration to enhance the students’ skills of listening, reading, writing and speaking. This paper was aimed at elaborating the use of Socrative in English academic reading classrooms done by students in university level. The students’ responses on their experiences when utilizing this application were revealed. The results exemplified that students used Socrative for reading activities. By collecting the students’ opinions on Socrative via a survey, it was found out that the students could enrich their vocabulary because they employed a reading strategy that should be implemented by them, such as noting difficult word(s), and looking for the meaning in dictionary. In another side, the students argued that this online application had a lack of aspect in a reading course. Further, recommendations on the practice of Socrative in EFL classroom are discussed.

PEMBELAJARAN MUFRADAT BAHASA ARAB MELALUI PENERAPAN METODE DRILL

The lack of students ability to master vocabulary caused by vocabulary mastery strategies that have not been effective and are not so strengthened in the teaching and learning process. In addition, also because of the lack of students who have an Arabic dictionary to Indonesia, conversely Indonesian to Arabic. This makes it difficult for students to explore the meaning of words. All students only rely on the vocabulary in the book and the rest students ask the teacher about the meaning of each difficult word. This requirement makes students less creative in developing their ability to collaborate vocabulary into other words that have different meanings because the source of information is only for teachers and LKS books. Introducing vocabulary alone is not enough to complete Arabic lessons, but by training students continuously, by means of repetition to facilitate the vocabulary that has been learned, after learning students who are drilled to translate the text that has been learned and translated in correct sentences, both in the form of speech and writing. So, in learning Arabic through this mufrodat drill method students are required to be more active and make students successful during the learning process.

Teaching reading through cornell notes strategy

The purposes of the research are to describe the implementation, advantages and disadvantages, and solution from disadvantages of teaching reading by using Cornell Note strategy. The research uses descriptive qualitative research as approach and type of research. The sources of data are social situation, participant, and document. The techniques of collecting data are observation, interview, and documentation. To know the validity of the data, the researcher uses methodology triangulation. The technique of data analysis are data condensation, data display, conclusion and verification.The result of the research shows that the implementation of Cornell Note strategy has three steps included pre-activity, whilst- activity, and post- activity. The pre-activities include greeting, praying, checking students’ attendence and explaining the purpose of the meeting. The whilst- activities, the teacher explains how the procedures to read the text by using Cornell Note strategy. The procedures are prepare the worksheet, takes note in right column, write the question in left column, summarize information in bottom space, recite the note. Lastly, post- activities include reviewing and making resume of the material. The advantages are; first, can help the students to analyze the important information in the text. Second, motivate to read a text. Third, train the students’ concentration. Lastly, make the students enjoy in learning reading. Meanwhile, the disadvantages are; first, the students are difficult to know the meaning of the word in the text and make the question with correct structure into English. Besides, the solutions for the disadvantages of implementation Cornell Note strategy are; first, the teacher gives axamples the students to make a simple question. Second, the students can search a difficult word in the dictionary. In this research, the researcher also gives suggestions for the teacher, students, the school and the onther researchers.

ANALYSIS ON THE STUDENTS’ COMMON DIFFICULTIES IN TOEFL READING COMPREHENSION (A CASE STUDY ON THE SECOND SEMESTER OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM AT ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF INDRAGIRI TEMBILAHAN)

The problem in this study was the students’ common difficulties in TOEFL Reading Comprehension. This study only used one variable. The research method used in this study was a descriptive research. The purpose of this study was to know the students’ common difficulties in TOEFL Reading Comprehension on the second semester of English Study Program at Islamic University of Indragiri Tembilahan. The total of the sample used in this study were 23 students, the technique was used to take the sample is total sampling. In collecting the data, the researcher used a test. After the data has been collected, the result of test showed that the skills that are considered to be the most difficult ones in TOEFL reading, which is skill 3. This skill is identifying stated detail questions correctly. It is the highest percentage (84%) with the total of incorrect answer is 210 from 5 items. Then, it is followed by skill 5 (82%) with the total of incorrect answer is 82 from 2 items, which is finding pronoun reference. It is the second most difficult skill for the students. The third most difficult skill is skill 7. It is responding of transition question achieve 81% with the total of incorrect answers is 81 from 2 items. Next, skill 10 is considered to be the fourth most difficult skill in TOEFL reading comprehension. The questions are about the use of context to give meaning of difficult word which is counted 80 % from the total of incorrect answers is 120 from 3 items. Then, the fifth most difficult skill in TOEFL reading comprehension is skill 1, which is consisting the questions about answering main idea questions correctly, students made 78% of the total incorrect answers is 156 from 4 items.

The Influence of Listening English Pop Songs to Improve Learners' Vocabulary at LKP Nuansa Jaya

Improving English vocabulary through listening can be done by using English songs that are liked by learners. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to know whether there is an influence of listening to English songs on learners’ vocabulary at LKP Nuansa Jaya English Course in Jakarta or not and to identify and classify the word classes of six selected English pop songs. This is a quantitative and qualitative descriptive research employed by 15 young learners. There is an influence of listening English song on learners’ vocabulary at LKP Nuansa Jaya since the average score of listening test is 75.33. Dealing with identifying and classifying the word classes of six selected English song lyrics, it indicates that the most difficult word class is noun (9.51%); the second is adjective (12.08%); the third is verb (13.37%); the forth is preposition (14.14%); the fifth is adverb (15.17%); the sixth is conjunction (17.22%); the seventh or the easiest one is pronoun (18.51%). As a result, to increase learners’ vocabulary knowledge and mastery, word classes are identified chronologically in every song lyric; then, it is designed into a pocket dictionary. The selection of word classes are based on the results of learners’ vocabulary scores and familiarity. The more difficult the word classes are the more examples are provided. Besides, the meaning of the word classes is translated into Indonesian to make learners easy to understand. Keywords: Listening, English Pop Songs, Vocabulary

Evaluating Corpora with Word Lists and Word Difficulty

This study examines the application of an IRT analysis of words on lists including the General Service List (GSL), New General Service List (NGSL), Academic Word List (AWL), New Academic Word List (NAWL), and TOEIC Service List (TSL). By comparing line graphs, density distribution graphs, and boxplots for the average difficulty of each word list to related lists, we can get a visualization of the data’s distribution. Japanese EFL students responded to one or more of 84 Yes/No test forms compiled from 5,880 unique real words and 2,520 nonwords. The real words were analyzed using Winsteps (Linacre, 2005) resulting in IRT estimates for each word. By summing the difficulties of each word, we can calculate the average difficulty of each word list which can then be used to rank the lists. In effect, the process supports the concurrent validity of the lists. The analysis indicates the word family approach results in more difficult word lists. The mean difficulties of the GSL and the BNC_COCA appear to be more divergent and more difficult particularly over the first 4000 words, possibly due to the use of Bauer and Nation’s (1993) Affix Level 6 definition for their compilation. Finally, just as we should expect word lists for beginners to have higher frequency words than subsequent lists, we should also expect them to be easier with more words known to learners. This can be seen with the gradual but marked difference between the different word lists of the NGSL and its supplemental SPs.

Difficulties in Mastering and Using English for Specific Purpose (Medical Vocabulary): A Linguistic Analysis of Working Saudi Hospital Professionals

<p>The prime aim and objective of this study was to explore and analyse the difficulties faced by the hospital professionals in knowing and using medical vocabulary (terms) in day to day professional life. It is generally known that English for Specific Purpose (ESP) is different from other general vocabulary courses in many ways. In order to carry out the study, subjects comprised 76 trainees who attended a professional development/training course on the medical terminology. The location of the training course was Jeddah (KSA) which was attended by four types of hospital professionals and trainees. Apart from the personal experience in the past and the current 30 hour-training, a self developed questionnaire was also used to elicit required data. The results of the survey indicated that most of the trainees faced difficulties due to: difficulties in English, Greek and Latin borrowing, difficult word-structure and lack of opportunities to practice. Based on the findings, it could be suggested that the learners should apply some strategies to pursue self-learning via web resource and peer learning.</p>