Zero

Numerals are symbols that represent numbers. The most commonly used numerals, which are easy to read after one has learned to use them, are the decimal ones. The principle used to construct them is an efficient one—the position of each digit in the numeral indicates its value as a power of ten. But for such numerals to work this system requires a symbol as a place-holder for a position that has “nothing” in it. That symbol is 0, which makes it possible to differentiate between numbers such as “eleven” (= 11) “one hundred and one” (= 101), and “one thousand and one” (= 1001) without the need for additional numerals. The 0 tells us, simply, that the position is “empty.” This chapter looks at the origin of this extraordinary symbol, which over time became a number like any other, but with peculiar properties. It led to concepts such as negative numbers and the number line, which became crucial to the evolution of mathematics itself.

PERILAKU MASYARAKAT TERHADAP SANITASI TOTAL BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN MAJENE

There is 89.02% urban/rural yet On Defecation Free (ODF) in Regional of Majene. Factors affecting the formation of village ODF is community behavior. The aim of this study was to describe behavior of society (knowledge, attitudes, and actions) towards the establishment of ODF village in Regional of Majene. Qualitative research methods carried out in Tande Timur and Adolang Dhua Village with descriptive design. The number of informants as many as 29 people (22 people informant ordinary and 7 key informants). Data processing begins with coll (place holder) ecting the results of the interview are processed, according to the studied variables and the contents analyzed and presented in manuscript form. The research result shows that the knowledge, attitudes and actions of people is good and supports the formation of ODF in the Village of Tande Timur. Knowledge and attitudes of people in the village Adolang Dhua is good yet the action not support to become ODF village.

“So You Won’t Understand a Word”

This chapter continues the discussion began in Chapter 5 through readings of poetry and a transgeneric short story/prose poem. Focusing on the idea of the “presence of absence,” it explores the imaginative ways second- and third-generation Mizraḥi authors used language not only to rewrite but to unwrite the idea of Israeli Hebrew, rejecting it altogether. Their ingenious linguistic prestidigitation entails devising “secret” languages as well as writing in archaic forms of Hebrew and in pseudo-languages, while Arabic eventually becomes a metaphor of sorts, a “place holder” for a sense of fragmented identity and the loss of origins. At the same time, the “presence of absence” informs Palestinian writing and art on the erasure of Arabic and of Palestinian memory. The chapter also incorporates visual representations of the Mizraḥi relationship to language. Collectively, these texts and images reimagine Israeli Hebrew as a language intimately intertwined with Arabic and other Middle Eastern languages.

note on bare-passives in (selected) Bantu and Western Nilotic Languages

In the present paper, we concentrate on (selected) Bantu and Nilotic bare-passive strategies and lay out the basis for a typology of transitive passive constructions in these languages. We argue that bare-passives constitute an optimal strategy to change prominence relations between arguments, in languages that strongly hold to the default mapping between the highest thematic role available and the grammatical subject (i.e. Spec,TP). The Nilotic and Bantu languages discussed here differ in their way of satisfying this default mapping. In particular, impersonal bare-passives satisfy it by resorting to an agentive place-holder (an indefinite subject marker) and realizing the logical agent as a lower thematic/semantic role (e.g. instrument or locative). Left-dislocation and so called 'subjectobject' reversal bare-passives realize the default matching between agent and subject in a more straightforward way, but locate the patient in a higher argument position within the inflectional domain (Spec,TopP). As argued in Hamlaoui and Makasso (2013) and Hamlaoui (2013), and in line with Noonan (1977), the present languages display a clauseinternal split between subjecthood (being the grammatical subject in Spec,TP) and topicality (being the subject of the predication, in an inflectional-domain internal Spec,TopP).

Bioactive Coating on Porous Materials with an Interconnected Pore System to Improve Osseointegration

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of bioactive surface coating and geometric design of orthopedic implants. In return, a 3-dimensional model with a interconnected macroscopic por system (IMPS) was designed. The model was created by using the place holder method with titanium powder and ammonium bicarbonate. After sintering one group of the IMPS-model was penetrated with plasma to create hydophilic surface. The second group was coated with the biomaterial NanoBone and the third was an untreated controll group. All three groups were used for an experimental pilot study in rabbit femora to determine the osseointegration process after 4 and 12 weeks. The biomaterial coated group points an approximately 10 % higher bone to implant contact compared with the two other groups.

Affective Aporetics: Complementary Contradictions in the Interpretation of Friedrich Nietzsche

In 1971, Wolfgang Müller-Lauter introduced his study of Nietzsche as an investigation into the history of modern nihilism in which “contradiction” forms the central thread of the argument. For Müller-Lauter, the interpretive task is not to demonstrate the overall coherence or incoherence of Nietzsche’s philosophy, but to examine Nietzsche’s “philosophy of contradiction.” Against those such as Karl Jaspers, Karl Löwith and Martin Heidegger, Müller-Lauter argued that contradiction is the foundation of Nietzsche’s thought, and not a problem to be corrected or cast aside for exegetical or political purposes. For Müller-Lauter, contradiction qua incompatibility (not just mere opposition) holds a key to Nietzsche’s affective vision of philosophy. Beginning with the relationship between will to power and eternal recurrence, in this paper I examine aspects of Müller-Lauter’s account of Nietzsche’s philosophy of contradiction specifically in relation to the counter-interpretations offered by two other German commentators of Nietzsche, Leo Strauss and Karl Löwith, in order to confirm Müller-Lauter’s suggestion that contradiction is indeed an operative engine of Nietzsche’s thought. Indeed contradiction is a key Nietzschean theme and an important dynamic of becoming which enables the subject to be revealed as a “multiplicity” (BGE §12) and as a “fiction” (KSA 12:9[91]). Following Müller-Lauter’s assertion that for Nietzsche the problem of nihilism is fundamentally synonymous with the struggle of contradiction experienced by will to power, this paper interprets Nietzsche’s philosophy of contradiction in terms of subjective, bodily life (rather than in terms of logical incoherences or ontological inconsistencies). Against the backdrop of nihilism, the “self” (and its related place holder the “subject”), I will argue, becomes the psycho-physiological battlespace for the struggle and articulation of “contradiction” in Nietzsche’s thought.

Preparation of Organic-Inorganic Core-Shell Particles and Influence on Corrosion Resistance of Cement

Porous materials were prepared by sintering using C as place holder and SiO2 as based, mixed with paraffin. Then Organic-inorganic Core-shell Particles were made by crushed. With the help of XRD and SEM, on the 60°C Study on Sulfate-Corrosion Resistance of cement Mixed with Organic-inorganic Core-shell of Preparation. The Organic-inorganic Core-shell Particles made by accounted of C 15% and heat preservation 4h in 920°C were the best. The results showed that when the content of Organic-inorganic Core-shell Particles was 15%, the Sulfate-Corrosion Resistance reached the climax.