METHODS FOR FIXATION OF BONE FRAGMENTS IN LOWER JAW FRACTURES

Thing. A review of the literature devoted to the topical problem of maxillofacial surgery and surgical dentistry – methods of treating patients with mandibular fractures was carried out. The aim of the study is to review the materials of publications on the methods of treatment of patients with mandibular fractures. Methodology. The publications of domestic and foreign authors, considering methods of fixation of bone fragments in lower jaw fractures, have been studied. Results. Publications indicate that there are many treatments for mandibular fractures. Research results demonstrate the importance of bone stabilization for bone fusion. A common disadvantage of conservative and surgical methods of treatment is unstable fixation of bone fragments, which is the most common cause of delayed consolidation of a mandibular fracture. The presented studies show that bone osteosynthesis with metal plates is considered the most appropriate method for treating mandibular fractures. Conclusions. Splinting as a method of treating fractures of the lower jaw has a large number of disadvantages. A common disadvantage of methods for splinting the lower jaw is that these structures do not always provide anatomical reduction and stability for the entire period of consolidation or require mandatory intermaxillary fixation, the lower jaw is fixed in the central occlusion position, which is not a position of physiological rest, and leads to passive muscle tension. depriving them of active function. The main disadvantage of the methods of osteosynthesis using a suture and using wires is that it is difficult to achieve stable fixation of fragments using these techniques. Combined methods of fixation of bone fragments (use of a bone suture and dental splints) provide a stronger fixation of the fragments. In the past two decades, in the treatment of mandibular fractures, there has been an increase in the trend towards rigid or semi-rigid osteosynthesis using plates. The disadvantages of compression osteosynthesis is that significant compression can lead to ischemia and slow down the formation of callus. A common disadvantage of conservative and surgical methods of treatment is unstable fixation of bone fragments, which is the most common reason for their delayed consolidation. Bone osteosynthesis with metal plates is considered a more progressive method of treating mandibular fractures.

Clinical examination of various jaw fractures and evaluation of open and closed reductions: Six case reports

Aim: This study aims to present the fracture types and treatment methods of jaw fracture cases that presented at our center. Methodology: Of six presenting cases, two were angulus, one was parasymphysis, three were subcondylar, and one was a medial condyle fracture only. All patients were evaluated both clinically and radiologically by CT of the atlanto-occipital joint. We managed two of the mandibular fractures with open and closed reduction (mixed) and four with closed reduction only. Dislocation was observed in only two patients. Internal fixation was performed using either mini plates (Medartis, Basel, Switzerland) or mini-screws. All cases united within three weeks to three months. Results: After analyzing the epidemiology of six fractures and the outcomes of the surgical treatment, as well as assessing the complications related to the surgical procedures, it was determined that in cases with dislocation, bimaxillary fixation should be applied as a maintenance to open reduction therapy. In cases without dislocation, bimaxillary fixation only is sufficient. Conclusion: An analysis of dislocation conditions according to fracture type supports that the incidence of dislocation is low in condyle fractures. Conclusion: An analysis of dislocation conditions according to fracture type supports that the incidence of dislocation is low in condyle fractures. How to cite this article: Özüdoğru S, Başaran MM, Ataözden T. Clinical examination of various jaw fractures and evaluation of open and closed reductions: Six case reports. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):274-8. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.40 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CLINICAL COURSE OF LOWER JAW FRACTURES AND DURATION OF TEMPORARY DISABILITY

Thing. Among the fractures of the bones of the facial skeleton are most often re-breaking down the lower jaws. The diagnosis of them does not represent difficulties, but despite this, the clinical course of the lower jaw fractures is often complicated by the development of herbal osteomyelitis, which affects the reparative processes in the bone and for the duration of the temporary disability of patients. In connection with the foregoing, the study of factors af-fecting the clinical course of the lower jaw fractures, and the investigator, but on the duration of the temporary disability of patients, is relevant. Purpose — to study the factors influencing the clinical course of mandibular fractures and the timing of temporary disability of patients Methodology. An analysis of 918 stories of the disease of patients with fractures of the Low-er Chelf. The share of traumatic osteomyelitis is determined. Possible factors that contribute to the development of this complication and an increase in the duration of temporary disability is studied. Results. The development of traumatic osteomyelitis in the fractures of the lower jaw is due to the complex of interrelated factors. The most significant among them are: non-timely appeal of the victims of specialized help, senior wagon, poor-quality assistance in the pre-hospital stage, the presence of a stroke of Zu-Ba, having a chronic infection in the periapical tissues and the incorrect tactics of the doctor in relation to this tooth, Multiple fractures on one side of the chemistry, the choice of the method of fixing fragments. The duration of the temporary disability of patients with the development of traumatic osteomyelitis is significantly larger than with the uncomplicated clinical course of the lower jaw fractures. Conclusions. In order to reduce the frequency of development of traumatic osteomyelitis, it is necessary to conduct targeted prophylactic work aimed at improving the quality of the provi-sion of specialized assistance to patients with fractures of the lower person, both in the dogoital and hospital stages.

EXOSKELETON FOR LOWER JAW FRACTURES TREATMENT

The aim of this study was to study the possibility of the lower jaw exoskeleton as a means of treating its fractures. The analysis took into account the ability of the extrafocal osteosynthesis apparatus to maintain the spatial orientation of bone fragments under load. For this, the apparatus was analyzed by the finite element method on 3D models and a study was carried out in a special stand on the bones of the human lower jaw. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the lower jaw exoskeleton makes it possible to qualitatively fix the fragments of the lower jaw for the period of fracture healing.

British surname origins, population structure and health outcomes – an observational study of English hospital records

BackgroundPopulation and social structure act as important confounders on pathways linking genotypes to health outcomes. This study examines whether the historical, geographical origins of British surnames – as markers of population structure - are associated with differential health outcomes today. MethodsWe coded the hospital admissions of more than 30 million patients in England between 1999 and 2013 to their surname origin and divided their diagnoses into 125 major disease categories. A base population dataset was constructed with patients’ first admission of any kind. Age- and sex-standardised odds ratios were calculated with logistic regression using patients with ubiquitous English surnames such as “Smith” as reference. Using a data mining approach, we scanned the results for “signals”, where a branch of related surname origins all had significantly higher or lower risk than the reference group. We subsequently studied the age- and sex-standardised incidence for each signal across the density of the surname origin (quintiles) as well as quintiles of area deprivation. ResultsWe identified a signal with Scottish surnames (alcohol-related disorders) and three with different branches of English surnames (disorders of teeth and jaw, fractures, upper gastrointestinal disorders). For the three English surname groups, the risk was only different to patients with other surnames in the quintile with the highest density of that group. Differential risk remained when studied across quintiles of area deprivation. ConclusionsThe study shows that surname origins are associated with diverse health outcomes and may thus act as combined markers of population structure over and above area deprivation.

Management of Mandibular Fractures: Report of Three Cases

The mandibular bone is an important component of the facial bone, which has a unique role in digestive system, speech, and facial esthetics. For these important functions of mandibular bone, it is vital that surgeons should not only treat function but also consider the esthetics together. Mandibular fractures are among the most common traumatic injuries of the maxillofacial, and it is in facial region, the second most frequently fractured adult facial bone is the mandible due to its vulnerable position and projected onto the face. The objective of this study is to show in detail all the specific aspects, the management and the efficacy of the use of treatments by means of closed reduction and open reduction+stable internal fixation in patients with mandibular fractures. Special emphasis was placed on the potential impact of socioeconomic standards on the mechanism and pattern of jaw fractures.

Knowledge and Implementation of Protective Measures for Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries of Ice Hockey Players in Primary and Secondary Schools in Beijing

Background: There is little information regarding knowledge and implementation of sports-related oral and maxillofacial injury prevention measures of ice hockey players in primary and secondary schools. Thus, we investigated methods to improve the safety of juvenile ice hockey players in Beijing and reduce the incidence of oral and maxillofacial injuries, including tooth avulsions, tooth fractures, and jaw fractures. Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, we obtained consent from young ice hockey players from five primary and secondary schools and six special sports training institutions in Beijing; we administered a total of 280 questionnaires. Results: Only 12.50% of respondents reported wearing mouth guards during ice hockey; 62.50% of respondents reported never wearing a mouth guard; 43.58% did not know the risk of sports-related oral injury. Not understanding the necessity of wearing teeth protection was the most common reason reported why athletes do not wear protective gear (89.64%). Inconsistent behaviour among teammates (67.14%) was the psychological factor related to refusal to wear the mouth guard. Wearing discomfort (34.33%) and communication influence (33.14%) were also mentioned; 77.14% of the parents reported that the formulation and enforcement of the relevant regulatory agencies' standards were important to encourage young athletes to wear protective gear. Conclusion: Young ice hockey players in Beijing lack knowledge of sports-related oral injuries and effective protective measures, despite the high risks. The most effective way to improve compliance is to draw up and enforce the Ice Hockey Association's relevant standards and the coach's guidance.

Bad to the bone: jaw fractures, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) luxation, and avulsed and luxated teeth.

The aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of jaw fractures, temporomandibular joint luxation and avulsed and luxated teeth in cats and dogs are described.

An introduction to pet dental care: for veterinary nurses and technicians

This book contains 16 illustrated chapters on periodontal disease; comprehensive oral health assessment and treatment (COHAT); dental instrument use and maintenance; dental charting, dental radiography and pain management; tooth fractures, discoloured teeth, abrasion and attrition; tooth resorption and caries; malocclusions; oral masses and cysts; stomatitis, feline juvenile gingivitis and contact mucositis; jaw fractures, temporomandibular joint luxation and avulsed and luxated teeth; common dental problems of rabbits, rodents and other small mammals; gaining client compliance, dental estimates and the dangers of anaesthesia-free dentistry; admitting, preparing and recovering dental patients and a day in the life of a pet receiving a COHAT; postoperative home care; developing dental home care programmes; how to brush the teeth of dogs and cats; understanding the science behind dental home care products and advocating for pet dental health. It aims to aims to bridge the gap that exists between current training for veterinary nurses in veterinary dentistry and what is required of veterinary practice.

Reconstruction of Aesthetic Stomatognathic Function After a High-energy Maxillo-orofacial Fracture: a Case Report

Background: High-energy injury patients with head trauma often present with pan-jaw fractures involving loss of teeth and alveolar bone. They experience a significant decrease in their quality of life due to masticatory disorders, dysarthria, and poor aesthetics. In most cases, they are treated separately by a medical team and a prosthodontist. Moreover, removable dentures provide little satisfaction to the patients.Case presentation: A 29-year-old young woman suffered a high-energy trauma from a fall accident. Following surgery for a jaw fracture, she underwent occlusal reconstruction with osseointegrated implants. The same team performed maxillofacial surgery and prosthetic treatments, and the series of treatment plans included bone grafting and periodontal plastic surgery.Conclusions: The treatment proved successful after more than two years with no signs of peri-implantitis. The patient was highly satisfied with the results. Early intervention by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon in such patients is essential for a good prognosis. Surgeons and prosthodontists who belong to the same team could complete the treatment with fewer surgical procedures. Furthermore, implant treatment in a patient with oral and maxillofacial fractures might improve aesthetics and function.