scholarly journals Significance of the local anthropogenic effects in the dynamics of wild geese wintering on the Ramsar Site Lakes by Tata (Wetland City Tata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
László Musicz ◽  
Sándor Faragó
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Anthropogenic Effects ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
New Year’S Eve ◽  
Winter Operation ◽  
The City ◽  
Wild Goose

Abstract The Old Lake of Tata, an important wild goose roosting site in Central Europe, is unique in its location being in the middle of a city with a population of 24,000. Consequently, the site is subject to intensive human disturbances. Goose migration and wintering on the lake was studied for over 37 years (1984–2021). In addition to weather, hydrological, and feeding conditions, particular attention was focused on human influences (which were deemed generally disruptive, but also beneficial in some cases) that can induce significant changes in the population dynamics of the 30,000–50,000 wild geese from 13 species wintering here. Almost without exception, the largest observed changes in the abundance of wild geese roosting overnight on the Old Lake are due to anthropogenic effects. In the majority of cases, the most significant population changes are due to impacts associated with the operation and upkeep of the lake and the New Year’s Eve fireworks. As a result, the winter operation of the Old Lake has been regulated by the Wild Goose Preference Mode since 2011, and the City of Tata has banned the use of fireworks during the winter period since 2018. Consequently, the conditions for wild goose migration have improved significantly. However, the situation of the Old Lake is still quite fragile and more conservation measures are needed to protect it further.

Milestone solution for snow removal problem in Moscow

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Snow Removal ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
Deicing Agents

The main principle of the strategy for the complex improvement of the functioning of northern cities in winter, including their infrastructure development, is a comprehensive solution of the problem of industrial-scale snow-mass collection, removal and utilization at different areas of urban roadway networks. For its implementation in the capital of Russia, “MosvodokanalNIIproject” JSC developed in 2002 the Snow Removal Master Plan for the city of Moscow. The meteorological conditions in the city, which have changed considerably in the recent years, including the changes in the snow-cover depth and in the road-surface areas to be cleaned, as well as emerging of new technologies for the cleaning of urban streets, yards and sidewalks and some new types of deicing agents, resulted in the necessity to update the above-mentioned Snow Removal Master Plan developed for the city of Moscow. Efficient application of deicing agents is of special importance for its updating in the context of the environmental safety of the city in a winter period. The article considers the results of the implementation of the updated Snow Removal Master Plan and contains some proposals concerning snow removal under the conditions of extreme snowfalls.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in orchards in the Zagreb area

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Ivana Pajač Živković ◽  
Irena Brlić Puškarić ◽  
Darija Lemić
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Zagreb Area ◽  
The City

The invasive species Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931), the spotted wing drosophila, was first recorded in Croatia in 2010. Since then, it has spread on Croatian territory but its presence has not yet been confirmed in the City of Zagreb. In this research population dynamics of D. suzukii was investigated in three orchards in Zagreb (Maksimir, Jelenovac, Zelenjak) in the period from 20th of March to 27th of November 2017. Feeding traps with apple vinegar were used for catching D. suzukii. The flight began in the period from 27th of June to 11th of July and lasted until 27th of November. The total pest catches were 874 specimens (Jelenovac 187, Maksimir 232 and Zelenjak 455). From September to November there was a continuous flight and a large increase in the number of caught flies, suggesting the presence of more overlapping generations. Besides the host plants, the development of the pest in this area is also enabled by suitable climatic conditions. The present population in the City of Zagreb County poses a danger to fruit producers in the Zagreb County. The results of this research are a contribution to better understanding of the population and the spread of the pest in Croatia.

scholarly journals Population changes in former voivodeship cities in Poland in the context of suburbanization processes and loss of the administrative function

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta Szymańska ◽  
Tomasz Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Influence Zone ◽  
City Core ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract The article presents an attempt to analyse population changes and to measure the strength of the impact of factors causing these changes in former voivodeship (province) cities in Poland. In view of the ongoing processes of suburbanisation, the discussion also concerns the areas surrounding the city, i.e. those creating urban systems together with the city. These zones were delineated, calling them demographic influence zones, because only demographic factors were involved in defining them. The research was conducted in the period between1999–2015, and took into account the administrative reform of the country that degraded 31 cities from voivodeship (NUTS-2) capitals to poviat (LAU-1) cities. The main aim of the study was to find an answer to the question: do the directions and the strength of population changes confirm a hypothesis of the destructive impact of the loss of administrative function on settlement units. The results of the study only partially confirmed this hypothesis. Although a decrease in the population is overwhelmingly predominant in the city core, in the case of the demographic influence zone, it has already increased. Counting both parts together, it was found that in half of the cases there was a decline and in the other half a growth of the population.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Inhaled Dose of Airborne Pollutants during Commuting: Case Study and Application for the General Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6066
Author(s):  
Francesca Borghi ◽  
Giacomo Fanti ◽  
Andrea Cattaneo ◽  
Davide Campagnolo ◽  
Sabrina Rovelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City

During rush hours, commuters are exposed to high concentrations and peaks of traffic-related air pollutants. The aims of this study were therefore to extend the inhaled dose estimation outcomes from a previous work investigating the inhaled dose of a typical commuter in the city of Milan, Italy, and to extend these results to a wider population. The estimation of the dose of pollutants inhaled by commuters and deposited within the respiratory tract could be useful to help commuters in choosing the modes of transport with the lowest exposure and to increase their awareness regarding this topic. In addition, these results could provide useful information to policy makers, for the creation/improvement of a mobility that takes these results into account. The principal result outcomes from the first part of the project (case study on a typical commuter in the city of Milan) show that during the winter period, the maximum deposited mass values were estimated in the “Other” environments and in “Underground”. During the summer period, the maximum values were estimated in the “Other” and “Walking (high-traffic conditions)” environments. For both summer and winter, the lowest values were estimated in the “Car” and “Walking (low-traffic conditions)” environments. Regarding the second part of the study (the extension of the results to the general population of commuters in the city of Milan), the main results show that the period of permanence in a given micro-environment (ME) has an important influence on the inhaled dose, as well as the pulmonary ventilation rate. In addition to these results, it is of primary importance to report how the inhaled dose of pollutants can be strongly influenced by the time spent in a particular environment, as well as the subject’s pulmonary ventilation rate and pollutant exposure levels. For these reasons, the evaluation of these parameters (pulmonary ventilation rate and permanence time, in addition to the exposure concentration levels) for estimating the inhaled dose is of particular relevance.

scholarly journals Spatial Assessment of Seasonal Changes in Pollution of the Air Ground Layer with Aerosol Particles in School Yards of Tiaret city (Algeria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Khadidja Naceur ◽  
Mhamed Maatoug ◽  
Lazreg Benaichata ◽  
S. А. Stankevich ◽  
O. V. Titarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
North Western

According to the data obtained in the autumn-winter period, the excess of PM2.5 in air during the schoolday after a short stay by pupils in the school yards was 1.5 –2 times. The PM2.5 concentration in the autumn - winter period was up to 1.5 times higher than that of the spring – summer time. High concentrations of dust particles are observed in areas close to heavy traffic in winter in the South-Eastern part of the city. Low concentrations were recorded in the autumn-winter time in areas adjacent to forests in the North –Western part of the city of Tiaret. However, the protective function of forest stands in the spring – summer period in the North-Western part of the city of Tiaret is less evident. The need for introduction of several nature protection measures in the city is obvious. Among them: fuel quality control and fines for the use of low-grade fuel, increasing the density of trees and shrubs in the city in the areas uncovered by vegetation.

scholarly journals Analysis of applied software tools for processing scientific research environmental impact of the avifauna town of Vilnyansk

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Applied Software ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
The City

The article provides a detailed description he materials, instruments and technological tools that he uses in the research of avifauna in Vilnyansk. On the basis of the analysis of scientific sources during the autumn, winter and spring accounting of avifauna of accounting sites of the city the methods of average maximum hearing of birds, route methods of accounting, cartographic and combined accounting were applied. In the processing of statistical and graphical data, the software package Microsoft Office, a collection of audio files, GIS products technologies Google Earth, Google Maps, Photoshop and applied software STATISTICA. When building maps for Vilnyansk town, taking into account its physical and geographical features, were used products Google Maps and Google Earth, which allowed to create a map of the city divided by squares 500x500meters to account the areas of observation, as well as to make calculations of the size of the areas of these biotopes, in which there was a record of birds. Using STATISTICA package allowed to establish the dependence of individuals, species diversity of avifauna on environmental factors and factors (temperature characteristics, dates of observations), to establish correlation indicators, as well as the dynamics of the number of birds. Thanks to the effects of the Google Earth program, a detailed analysis of the city facilities (social infrastructure, both part of the residential and natural landscapes) was carried out. As a result of these studies, a general mapping of the bird observation area was created, the sizes of habitats were calculated for the subsequent drawing of individuals of one species or another in their areas, taking into account the elements of the urban landscapes (private development areas, northern part of the city, central and southern areas), dynamics analysis the number of birds during the autumn-winter period 2017/2018 and established correlation coefficients that allowed establishing a relationship between ambient temperature, weather conditions and population disappeared.

scholarly journals Spatial patterns of seasonal distribution of Corvidae (the case of urban habitats)

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Matsyura ◽  
А. А. Zimaroyeva ◽  
K. Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Breeding Density ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Hooded Crows ◽  
The City

Corvids in Zhytomyr city reach maximum density in the winter period. Rooks and Eurasian Jackdaws were the most abundant species in winter, usually feeding in multispecies flocks and forming collective roosts.Suburban green areas (buffer zones) were characterized by a considerably high diversity of Corvidae species: this habitat was occupied by all six species. We also registered the highest density of Eurasian Jays and Hooded Crows in this habitat. The green areas in the city center were also characterized by significant corvid density, especially during the breeding season. The maximum breeding density of Rooks was in these habitats, which held 6 of 12 identified urban colonies in Zhytomyr. We found that the European Magpies, Eurasian Jays, and Hooded Crows also had high breeding success here. Eurasian Jackdaws occurred here only in autumn and winter, when they fed together with Rooks on lawns, gardens, and parks. With stable snow cover the Rook density in habitats of the green areas decreased due to the depletion of food resources.The individual buildings zone of the city were characterized by the lowest density of all corvid species, except for European Magpies and Eurasian Jays. The number of common species (Rooks, Eurasian Jackdaws, and Hooded Crows) was low because of shortage of food resources, lack of sites for large roosting flocks and shortage of suitable nesting sites. However, Eurasian Magpies reached one of their highest densities in this habitat (12.8 birds/km2). This species was registered in habitats around private buildings all the year round, successfully nesting in the yards of private houses and on trees in the streets. Its breeding density was 11.2 birds/km2.During three years of research (2009–2012) the density of all corvids except for European Magpie, practically did not change, although we determined a slight positive trend for all the species. The strong increase in the number of Eurasian Jackdaws could be explained by the increasing density of wintering populations or due to the increasing number of migrants from more northern regions.

scholarly journals Microbial population changes during managed aquifer recharge (MAR)

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Simon Toze ◽  
Deborah Reed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Managed Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Microbial Population Dynamics

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a technique that can be used to capture and store water in aquifers under managed conditions for later recovery and use for specific purposes. There is a need to predict water quality changes during MAR, particularly when recycled water is used as the recharged water. An understanding of the interaction between the geochemistry of the aquifer and the microbial population dynamics in the groundwater is important for understanding any water quality changes. A study was undertaken to monitor the changes in the microbial population and link this to changes in the geochemistry. The results obtained showed that the recharge of recycled water to aquifers causes a change in microbial population structure which has direct links to corresponding changes in geochemistry.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of Tomostethus nigritus (Fabricius, 1804) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) on Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ in Belgium

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Fons Verheyde ◽  
Geert Sioen
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Fraxinus Angustifolia ◽  
The City

In Western Europe the ash sawfly Tomostethus nigritus is known to occur at low densities on Fraxinus excelsior and is uncommonly reported as a pest species. However, we show here that outbreaks can occur on non-endemic trees such as F. angustifolia, and that the species is able to spread quickly using city infrastructure. At the visited localities near the city of Ghent, foliage of Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ emerged approximately one month earlier than on F. excelsior. At the same time, changed climatic conditions in the last decade, i.e. higher temperatures in March, caused adults to emerge earlier. Synchronicity of the potential hosts and T. nigritus may therefore have altered, playing a crucial role in population dynamics. Future research should aim to confirm if the species dramatically declines in numbers after reaching its peak population level, an effect which was observed in previous studies, but for which there is still no satisfactory explanation.

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