Neuroendocrine-immune complex as the mirror of the state of exchange of nitrogenous metabolites at rats

Background. Earlier we found that even in intact rats, certain parameters of nitrogenous metabolism fluctuate in a fairly wide range, which further expands in cases of prolonged water loads. Based on this, we have been created three groups that are homogeneous in the parameters of nitrogenous metabolism. We have been shown that each cluster is accompanied by a specific constellation of immune parameters. In this study, an attempt will be made to supplement the immune accompaniment of each constellation of nitrogenous metabolites with parameters of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems. Material and methods. Experiment was performed on 60 healthy female Wistar rats, both intact and loaded with different mineral waters. Immune status was assessed by thymocytogram, splenocytogram, blood leukocytogram and immunocytogram, as well as by phagocytosis parameters of blood neutrophils and monocytes. The state of autonomous regulation assessed by HRV. The plasma levels of the hormones of adaptation: corticosterone, triiodothyronine and testosterone (by the ELISA) were determined as well as mineralocorticoid, calcitonin and parathyroid activity calculated by their electrolyte markers. Results. 9 neuro-endocrine and 17 immune parameters were identified, the set of which three clusters of nitrogen metabolism clearly differ from each other. The overall accuracy of the classification is 93,3%. Conclusion. The variety of states of exchange of nitrogenous metabolites is accompanied by specific constellations of 26 parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex.

Varieties of the state of exchange of nitrogenous metabolites (creatinine, urea, uric acid and bilirubin) and their immune accompaniment at rats

Background. Earlier we found that even in intact rats, certain parameters of nitrogenous metabolism and immunity fluctuate in a fairly wide range, which further expands in cases of prolonged water loads. The links between the individual parameters of metabolism and immunity were revealed. Based on this, the aim of this study was to create groups that are homogeneous in the parameters of nitrogenous metabolism, followed by a search for the characteristic parameters of immunity. Material and methods. Experiment was performed on 60 healthy female Wistar rats, both intact and loaded with different mineral waters. The plasma levels and urinary excretion of the nitrogenous metabolites (creatinine, urea, uric acid and bilirubin) were determined. Immune status was assessed by thymocytogram, splenocytogram, blood leukocytogram and immunocytogram, as well as by phagocytosis parameters of blood neutrophils and monocytes. Results. The characteristic features of the members of the most numerous (29 animals) of the first cluster are moderately elevated plasma urea and upper borderline creatinineemia in combination with lower borderline uricemia. In members of the third cluster (22 animals), all seven parameters are in the range of normal. In contrast, rats of the second cluster (n=9) were found to have significantly increased levels of urea and creatinine excretion, as well as uricemia. Each cluster is accompanied by a specific constellation of immune parameters. The overall accuracy of the classification is 95%. Conclusion. The variety of states of exchange of nitrogenous metabolites is accompanied by specific constellations of immune parameters.

ПОКАЗНИКИ АЗОТОВОГО ОБМІНУ КУРЧАТ–БРОЙЛЕРІВ КРОСУ РОСС–308 ЗА СУМІСНОЇ ДІЇ ОХРАТОКСИНУ А ТА ДЕЗОКСИНІВАЛЕНОЛУ

Mycotoxicoses of farm animals cause the huge losses on a global scale, therefore the development of new methods for their treatment and prevention mycotoxins entry to organism of animals is still priority in veterinary toxicology.Today the understanding that the vast majority of animals mycotoxicoses cases is the mixed mycotoxicoses, that are resulting toxic effects of complex set of different mycotoxins, which complicates their diagnostics and prevention and treatment.Most of animals mycotoxicoses is a chronic disease at which disturbed metabolism, and the most vulnerable are lymphoid organs, liver, ductless glands and central nervous system. Therefore, treatment of animals should be complex – antidote, pathogenetic and symptomatic,and the search for new tools in the fight against mycotoxicosis in animals is a topical research direction in modern veterinary medicine.The article presents the experimental data about joint action of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol on nitrogenous metabolism parameters of broiler chickens. Conditions of nitrogenous metabolism in the organism of broiler chickens were studied by content of total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine. Established that the joint action of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol to the broiler chickens manifested dysproteinemia, that is the result of liver protein synthesis function disorder and absorption of protein cleavage products from the small intestine, owing to mucous membrane lesions through toxins. Increase of urea and creatinine in the blood plasma of broiler chickens by combined effect of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol is a result of disorder of renal excretory function due to exposure to toxins.

Nitrogenous metabolism in Thoroughbred and Arabian foals from birth to five months of age

The maturation of nitrogen metabolism was studied in six Thoroughbred and six Arabian foals. Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates and serum concentration of several hematochemical parameters (total protein, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and albumine) were monitored from birth to 5 months of age. In both breeds, all the parameters except albumine showed significant differences over time (P<0.05). The two breeds did not differ from each other at any time point. Statistically significant decreases in urea and creatinine concentrations were related to the growth needs of foals during this critical period of development.