scholarly journals ПОКАЗНИКИ АЗОТОВОГО ОБМІНУ КУРЧАТ–БРОЙЛЕРІВ КРОСУ РОСС–308 ЗА СУМІСНОЇ ДІЇ ОХРАТОКСИНУ А ТА ДЕЗОКСИНІВАЛЕНОЛУ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
V.B. Duhnytskyy ◽  
Y.V. Boiko ◽  
G.V. Boiko ◽  
N.І. Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Protein Cleavage ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Nitrogenous Metabolism

Mycotoxicoses of farm animals cause the huge losses on a global scale, therefore the development of new methods for their treatment and prevention mycotoxins entry to organism of animals is still priority in veterinary toxicology.Today the understanding that the vast majority of animals mycotoxicoses cases is the mixed mycotoxicoses, that are resulting toxic effects of complex set of different mycotoxins, which complicates their diagnostics and prevention and treatment.Most of animals mycotoxicoses is a chronic disease at which disturbed metabolism, and the most vulnerable are lymphoid organs, liver, ductless glands and central nervous system. Therefore, treatment of animals should be complex – antidote, pathogenetic and symptomatic,and the search for new tools in the fight against mycotoxicosis in animals is a topical research direction in modern veterinary medicine.The article presents the experimental data about joint action of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol on nitrogenous metabolism parameters of broiler chickens. Conditions of nitrogenous metabolism in the organism of broiler chickens were studied by content of total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine. Established that the joint action of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol to the broiler chickens manifested dysproteinemia, that is the result of liver protein synthesis function disorder and absorption of protein cleavage products from the small intestine, owing to mucous membrane lesions through toxins. Increase of urea and creatinine in the blood plasma of broiler chickens by combined effect of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol is a result of disorder of renal excretory function due to exposure to toxins. 

In vitro effect of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol on the expression of interleukin 5 and interferon-gamma in broiler chicken lymphocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lautert ◽  
L. Ferreiro ◽  
M.I. Azevedo ◽  
S.A. Botton ◽  
J.T. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Interleukin 5 ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Vitro Effect

Cytokines are proteins secreted by cells of innate and acquired immunity, produced in response to various antigens and responsible for mediating several function of these cells. Our study evaluated the profile of cytokines interleukin 5 (IL-5) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), induced in lymphocytes of broiler chickens in response to secondary fungal metabolites ochratoxin A (OTA) and deoxynivalenol (DON) at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/ml. The quantification of the cytokines was analysed at 24, 48 and 72 h after incubation with mycotoxins, using real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results obtained showed that OTA induced mRNA synthesis of IL-5 at concentrations 0.001, 0.1 and 1 μg/ml after 24 h of lymphocyte incubation, while at 48 h only the expression of the IL-5 cytokine at a concentration of 1 μg/ml (P<0.05) was detected. DON in a concentration of 1 μg/ml induced the expression of IL-5 in the lymphocytes only at 48 h post-incubation period (P<0.05). Regarding IFN-γ, gene expression was not observed in the lymphocytes of broiler chickens incubated with OTA and DON. The data obtained represent a profile of response mediated by T helper 2 cells to the exposure of broiler chicken immune cells to different concentrations of OTA and DON.

scholarly journals A review on combined effects of moniliformin and co-occurring Fusarium toxins in farm animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Fremy ◽  
I. Alassane-Kpembi ◽  
I.P. Oswald ◽  
B. Cottrill ◽  
H.P. Van Egmond
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
On Farm

Co-occurrence of mycotoxins in food and feed represents the rule rather than the exception. Information about combinatory toxic effects of co-occurring mycotoxins is scarce, in particular the effects that mixtures of mycotoxins in feed may have on farm animals. This review focusses on studies on the combined effects of moniliformin and co-occurring mycotoxins in feed on farm animals. Moniliformin is a mycotoxin of emerging scientific interest, which may co-occur with many other mycotoxins, especially Fusarium mycotoxins. Oral exposure to moniliformin reduces feed consumption and body weight gain in poultry, in pigs and catfish, and induces cardiotoxic effects and/or alterations in serum biochemical and haematological parameters. In this review only experiments comparing effects as a result of the exposure to a combination of mycotoxins with effects due to the exposure to single mycotoxins were considered. Identified published studies on combined toxicity have been limited to combinations of moniliformin with either fumonisin B1 or deoxynivalenol, and were performed with poultry, pigs, and catfish. Most of the moniliformin/fumonisin B1 investigations involved poultry and focussed on adverse effects on feed intake, weight gain and immune response, as well as organ lesions. These studies mainly reported an interactive toxicity of moniliformin and fumonisin B1 but did not allow identification of the type of interaction. Likewise, no indication could be given for the interaction detected for both mycotoxins on weight gains of catfish. For the moniliformin/deoxynivalenol combination, only one study with broiler chickens was found relevant. This study concluded additive or less than additive toxicity, using kidney lesions and renal tubular epithelial degeneration as endpoints. While possible interactions between moniliformin and fumonisin B1 or deoxynivalenol were identified, the conclusions are based on limited studies and experimental designs. Further studies on the combined toxicity of moniliformin with other mycotoxins and other animal species would be needed.

SOME CONDITIONS FAVORING PRODUCTION OF OCHRATOXIN A AND CITRININ BY PENICILLIUM VIRIDICATUM IN WHEAT AND BARLEY

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. HARWIG ◽  
Y.-K. CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Ground Wheat ◽  
Penicillium Viridicatum

Wheat, ground wheat, barley, and heat-treated wheat and barley were inoculated with different strains of Penicillium viridicatum Westling and incubated under different conditions of moisture content, relative humidity, temperature, and time. An important factor for production of ochratoxin A and citrinin was humidity. A water activity (aw) of 0.90–0.93 produced high concentrations of the mycotoxins. Below this aw, the native mycoflora developed along with P. viridicatum and concentrations of the mycotoxins were significantly lower. A temperature of 5 C did not prevent production of the toxins under conditions of high aw and extended storage. Viable barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat seed (Triticum aestivum L.) were less prone to mycotoxin production than nonviable seed. Samples exposed for short periods to conditions most favorable for P. viridicatum were not visibly moldy but contained ochratoxin A. Such material, if used, may present a hazard to farm animals and man.

Pathological changes in broiler chickens fed ochratoxin A and inoculated withEscherichia coli

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Naresh Jindal ◽  
Chhote L. Shukla ◽  
Rajesh K. Asrani ◽  
David R. Ledoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pathological Changes

scholarly journals Histopathology of Internal Organs of Farm Animals Fed Genetically Modified Corn and Soybean Meal

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Reichert ◽  
Wojciech Kozaczyński ◽  
Teresa Agnieszka Karpińska ◽  
Łukasz Bocian ◽  
Agnieszka Jasik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Roundup Ready ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Mon 810

Abstract Histopathological examination of liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, skeletal muscle, and bursa of Fabricius samples, collected from broiler chickens, laying hens, fattening pigs, and calves fed genetically modified corn MON 810 and soybean meal MON-40-3-2 (Roundup Ready, RR), was performed The examination showed no significant differences between the control animals fed diets containing no genetically modified feeds and animals fed genetically modified feeds. In some cases, congestion of parenchyma and focal lymphoid cell infiltrations were observed in all dietary groups, including controls, and therefore, it was assumed that the lesions were not associated with the feeding transgenic feeds.

scholarly journals Effects of combinations of ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin on immune function of yellow-feathered broiler chickens

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Wang ◽  
C.Y. Xue ◽  
F. Chen ◽  
Y.L. Ma ◽  
X.B. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Broiler Chickens

scholarly journals Current state and problems of poultry breeding in Russia (review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
E. S. Fedorova ◽  
O. I. Stanishevskaya ◽  
N. V. Dementieva
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Snp Data ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Genetic Value ◽  
High Level

Modern poultry breeding in Russia is one of the fastest growing sectors of agriculture, but the prosperity of the industry is almost entirely dependent on supplies of breeding material from abroad. Russia practically has no its own breeding base in both egg- and meat-type commercial crosses of chickens. Most of the domestic commercial crosses that had occupied leading positions in Russian poultry breeding have been lost now. More than 90 % of commercial lines of breeding stocks in Russia are imported. Foreign poultry breeding companies merge into transnational holdings engaged in multi-species breeding of farm animals, which allows them not to depend on market conditions in the industry. The reverse side of such a consolidation on a global scale is a decrease in the genetic diversity of poultry and a high level of inbreeding in commercial chicken lines. In these circumstances, there is a real biological danger for the preservation of these lines due to the potential susceptibility of “monocultures” to new diseases, which can eliminate the genetically homogeneous population. Any selection system is based on an assessment of the breeding value of potential parents. Its purpose is to obtain, as far as possible, the most accurate forecast of the genetic value of an individual and the productive qualities of its progeny. These requirements are optimally met by the BLUP methodology, in which molecular genetics (SNP) data can be successfully integrated, which allows supplementing the statistical analysis with genomic selection technologies. This is especially true for traits that cannot be measured, or can only be measured in one sex, or only at the end of the productive period. The inclusion of genomic selection methods in breeding programs makes it possible significantly increase the selection efficiency for the main economical traits of chickens. The main task in the Russian breeding poultry industry is the creation of its own competitive breeding base, not inferior to Western commercial crosses in terms of productivity. To create poultry breeding centers and grandparents/parents-breeding farms the state support is needed. It is also necessary to develop and implement innovative methods in the field of genomic selection, as well as software and information systems and specialized selection computer programs for processing and analyzing meta-data.

scholarly journals Pure and raw glycerol in the diet of broiler chickens, its effect on the production parameters and slaughter value

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-318
Author(s):  
P. Suchý ◽  
E. Straková ◽  
L. Kroupa ◽  
I. Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Raw Glycerol ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Meat Type

Abstract. The experiment was performed with a total of 180 day-old, ROSS 308 combination, meat-type hybrid chickens that were divided according to sex into the control group (C1 and C2 with 30♀ and 30♂, respectively) and two experimental groups: GLY-P1 and P2 with pure glycerol (30♀ and 30♂), and GLY-R1 and R2 with raw glycerol (30♀ and 30♂). The chickens received three feeding mixtures during the experiment: the pre-fattening mixture (BR 1) until Day 14, the fattening mixture (BR 2) from Day 15 to Day 30, and the post-fattening mixture from Day 31 to Day 40 (BR 3). 50 % of the soybean oil in feeding mixtures used in the experimental groups (GLY-P and GLY-R) was replaced with pure or raw glycerol at a ratio of 1:2. The feed and water were available ad libitum for consumption. The mean live weight of both male and female chickens in experimental groups on Days 15 and 40 was statistically significantly higher (P≤0.05, P≤0.01) than that in the control group. The consumption of the feeding mixture during the entire 40-day fattening period was higher in female and male chickens in experimental groups. The differences in the mean weight of processed carcass between the control and experimental groups were very significant (P≤0.01). Glycerol obtained during rapeseed processing is a suitable source of energy and can be added in feeds designed for farm animals.

scholarly journals Effect of silymarin and ochratoxin A on humoral natural immunity of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-498
Author(s):  
Stefan Denev ◽  
Lilyan Sotirov ◽  
Sashka Chobanova ◽  
Tsvetoslav Koynarski ◽  
Veselin Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Natural Immunity

Role of probiotic fodder additive in determining productivity and assessing the health of agricultural bird

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
T. N. Lenkova ◽  
◽  
I. N. Nikonov ◽  
M. V. Selina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Scientific Group ◽  
And Control

This article presents the results of a study on testing a promising feed supplement based on a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum, with a high antagonistic activity for campylobacter. Probiotics now refers to live microbial feed additives that improve the health and productivity of farm animals. Probiotics can improve the growth rate of broiler chickens and control or prevent intestinal diseases, including salmonellosis, necrotic enteritis, and coccidiosis Scientific and industrial experience was carried out on broilers of the Cobb XNUMX cross country from daily to XNUMX days of age. As a result of research conducted by the scientific group, it was shown that feeding broiler chickens with a probiotic feed additive based on Lactobacillus plantarum helps to increase their productivity during the entire growing cycle and have a beneficial effect on the health status of farm birds.

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