INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF PHARMACEUTICALS IN PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTIONS OF DESSIE CITY ADMINISTRATION, ETHIOPIA: A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Objective: This study was conducted to assess inventory management practices of pharmaceuticals in public health institutions of Dessie City Administration, Ethiopia. Methods: The research was conducted from February 5, 2019, to February 24, 2019, in 10 health facilities with a descriptive cross-sectional study using observation checklists. Results: Receipts, issues, losses, and adjustments were correctly recorded in seven stores. Invoices and bin cards were available in all stores. Logistic management and information system, Internal Facility Report and Resupply, and Report and Requisition Form were available in nine stores. Five stores had stock cards, but only three recorded prices correctly. The maximum, minimum, reorder, and buffer stock levels were not properly maintained (or automated). All stores had freezers but wall thermometers and lockable cabinets were absent in eight stores; seven did not use first expired, first out storage technique. Humidity and fire control mechanisms were absent in all and seven institutions, respectively. Nine institutions lack fireproof areas for combustibles, but eight stores held them with drugs. Conclusion: The inventory management practices of the institutions were not satisfactory. It is recommended that the health facilities should comply with standard operating procedures.

A CASE STUDY ON 3 WEEKS PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES CAUSED BY OROPHARYNGEAL MICROBIOTA

Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) is produced when amniotic membranes tear before labor onset and is recorded in around 8 % of full-term gestations. Preterm PROMs (PPROMs) take place before the 37th week of gestation, with an incidence of 2–4 % of pregnancies, and it is associated with higher maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, mainly related to infectious processes and prematurity. Among maternal complications, which include postpartum infection, premature placental detachment, and maternal sepsis, we highlight clinical chorioamnionitis for its incidence and severity. Of decreasing frequency, perinatal complications include respiratory distress, neonatal sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and neurological lesions. Full-term PROM frequently has a physiological cause and is a consequence of uterine contractions; however, PPROM usually has a multifactorial etiology that is often unknown, although the most frequently reported cause is an infection, observed in up to 60 % of cases. Therefore, the etiology of PPROM, although probably infectious, remains unknown in most cases. The obstetric approach varies as a function of gestational age, actively inducing the pregnancy in full-term PROM but performing an overall evaluation of maternal-fetal status in PPROM. In the latter situation, an assessment is made of the relative risks and benefits of a wait-and-see attitude versus pregnancy induction, considering signs of infection and/or prematurity, and ordering antibiotic treatment when PPROM is diagnosed . Multiple combinations of antimicrobial drugs have been proposed and better perinatal and maternal outcomes have been reported for the prophylactic administration of some new combinations. This study describes a case of PPROM caused by urinary tract infection.

A CASE STUDY ON 3 WEEKS PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES CAUSED BY OROPHARYNGEAL MICROBIOTA

Premature rupture of membrane (PROM) is produced when amniotic membranes tear before labor onset and is recorded in around 8 % of full-term gestations. Preterm PROMs (PPROMs) take place before the 37th week of gestation, with an incidence of 2–4 % of pregnancies, and it is associated with higher maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, mainly related to infectious processes and prematurity. Among maternal complications, which include postpartum infection, premature placental detachment, and maternal sepsis, we highlight clinical chorioamnionitis for its incidence and severity. Of decreasing frequency, perinatal complications include respiratory distress, neonatal sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, and neurological lesions. Full-term PROM frequently has a physiological cause and is a consequence of uterine contractions; however, PPROM usually has a multifactorial etiology that is often unknown, although the most frequently reported cause is an infection, observed in up to 60 % of cases. Therefore, the etiology of PPROM, although probably infectious, remains unknown in most cases. The obstetric approach varies as a function of gestational age, actively inducing the pregnancy in full-term PROM but performing an overall evaluation of maternal-fetal status in PPROM. In the latter situation, an assessment is made of the relative risks and benefits of a wait-and-see attitude versus pregnancy induction, considering signs of infection and/or prematurity, and ordering antibiotic treatment when PPROM is diagnosed . Multiple combinations of antimicrobial drugs have been proposed and better perinatal and maternal outcomes have been reported for the prophylactic administration of some new combinations. This study describes a case of PPROM caused by urinary tract infection.

USING PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN ROOT CANAL SYSTEM – A LITERATURE REVIEW

Microorganisms do play in pulpal and periapical infection. Success of endodontic treatment aims at effective eradication of bacteria from the root canal space. This, in turn, prevents further microbial recolonization. Persistent microbial colonies in the root canal lead to failure of the endodontic treatment. With the advent of photodynamic therapy (PDT), a novel invasive approach is aimed at complete disinfection of root canal with elimination of bacteria. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight the efficiency of PDT in endodontics by reviewing the literature published in journals

THE IMPACT OF PERSONAL PRODUCTIVITY DUE TO THE ATTACKS OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019: USING PARTIAL LEAST STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL

Global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei Province, and has since spread globally, resulting in the ongoing 2019–2020 coronavirus pandemic that has an impact which would be disturbed the personal productivity in the community. The dependent variable which is threat of COVID-19 (Thr_Cov-19), vulnerability of COVID-19 (Vul_Cov-19), and the unexpected change in society factors and one independent variable that is personal disturbance factors is used in this paper. Moreover, using as an indicator which will determine disturbance of personal productivity (D_PP) in the society. Since multiple regression by partial least square-structural equation modeling is used to examined of data by following unstructured method. Moreover, the resulting point out three dependent variables significantly influences on the independent variable of personal productivity in the society. As a matter of fact, this study concludes the foremost influence factor on D_PP in society due to COVID-19 risk factors such as Thr_Cov-19, Vul_Cov-19, and unexpected changed in the society factors. This study contributes to introductory study but vibrant understanding in stimulating the prediction of personal productivity in the society due to the COVID-19 attacks.