Innovation-Led Development

An effective innovation system provides rules and procedures that nurture ideas, research, and increase in knowledge, resulting in new goods/services, new production or organisational processes, or new marketing techniques, and hence is a major source of technological progress does not exist in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In order for Bosnia and Herzegovina to increase and strengthen the commercialization of research and innovativeness of companies, it is necessary to (1) increase investments in R&D at least to the norm of the African Union (1% of GDP), as the European Union norm (3% of GDP) is too high, and (2) design and implement policy measures aimed at stimulating the research and development capacities of the business sector (through tax incentives for staff and capital engagement) to strengthen the activities of commercialization of research and development and links between universities and business companies (e.g., to establish a program for the establishment of technology and innovation centres [one per region]).

The Implementation of Industry 4.0 by Using Industrial and Service Robots in the Production Processes

From the very knowledge of Industry 4.0, its implementation is carried out in all segments of society, but we still do not fully understand the breadth and speed of its implementation. We are currently witnessing major changes in all industries, so new business methods are emerging. There is a transformation of production systems, a new form of consumption, delivery, and transportation, all thanks to the implementation of new technological discoveries that cover robotics and automation, the internet of things (IoT), 3D printers, smart sensors, radio frequency identification (RFID), etc. Robotic technology is one of the most important technologies in Industry 4.0, so that the robot application in the automation of production processes with the support of information technology brings us to smart automation (i.e., smart factories). The changes are so deep that, from the perspective of human history, there has never been a time of greater promise or potential danger.

Integration of Industry 4.0 for Advanced Construction Project Management

The construction industry is facing the increasing process of integration of Industry 4.0 in all phases of the construction project lifecycle. Its exponential growth has been detected in research efforts focused on the usage of the building information modeling (BIM) as one of the most breakthrough innovative approaches in the construction (AEC) industry. BIM brings many advantages as well as changes in the existing construction practice, which allows for adjustment of processes in the most automated possible way. The goal in the design phase is to create a comprehensive BIM model that combines the data of all project participants and represents a digital model of a future building. In the construction phase, the monitoring and controlling the work progress is one of the most important and difficult tasks, and it is today still mostly done manually. Currently, more research and actual implementations are oriented towards the introduction of the automated construction progress monitoring (ACPMon). All of this is the basis for advanced construction project management (ACPMan).

Innovative Technologies in Lapping and Electrospark Alloying of Metal Surfaces as the Basis for Industry 4.0

The various active chemical additives along with abrasive materials are used to intensify processes in lapping of metal surfaces. The authors developed new lapping compositions based on inexpensive components with the addition of various chemical agents. The chemical additives help to improve metal removal, to decrease surface roughness, and to get a more stable metal surface. New lapping pastes do not cause the corrosion of equipment and do not require their replacement in further operations of the mechanism, for example, large-sized reducer. The chemical additives can be used in electrospark alloying too. They improve both the alloying process and the subsequent operation of alloyed surfaces. New technologies reduce the number of operations that require human involvement. That contributes to the introduction of full machine control over technological process and is the basis for Industry 4.0 that offers the opportunity for manufacturers to optimize their operations quickly and efficiently by knowing what needs attention.

Integrating Cyber and Physical Environments for Adaptive Process Control in Work Systems

Modern industrial production conditioned by the overall globalization, scientific, and technological achievements requires a new and systematic approach to the management and control of production systems. The traditional concepts of production systems, their hierarchical control, and management structure are not able to cope with the challenges brought by new production philosophy: Industry 4.0. In this chapter, a new approach was proposed in the structuring of production systems through the integration of cyber and physical environment in the elementary functional unit: elementary socio-cyber-physical work system (ESCPWS).

Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Driven by Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0

Intelligent manufacturing plays an important role in Industry 4.0. Key technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics (BDA), the internet of things (IoT), cyber-physical systems (CPSs), and cloud computing enable intelligent manufacturing systems (IMS). Artificial intelligence (AI) plays an essential role in IMS by providing typical features such as learning, reasoning, acting, modeling, intelligent interconnecting, and intelligent decision making. Artificial intelligence's impact on manufacturing is involved in Industry 4.0 through big data analytics, predictive maintenance, data-driven system modeling, control and optimization, human-robot collaboration, and smart machine communication. The recent advances in machine and deep learning algorithms combined with powerful computational hardware have opened new possibilities for technological progress in manufacturing, which led to improving and optimizing any business model.

Implementation of Industry 4.0 in Transformation of Medical Device Maintenance Systems

Due to the development of information communication technologies (ICT), the number of medical devices (MDs) with telemetric possibilities is rising, so the concept of homecare is gaining importance. Also, new generation medical devices are equipped with artificial intelligence that is able to perform real-time analysis of measurement result and provide diagnosis prediction. This is the Industry 4.0 happening now. However, there is still traditional approach in management of medical devices. As medical devices have been sophisticated, management systems should improve so they can encompass all the important aspects regarding safety of patients and quality of care. This chapter presents how the technology of Industry 4.0 can be used to improve medical device maintenance systems by application of artificial intelligence (AI). Clinical engineering and health technology management departments benefit from such systems in terms of increase of safety and quality of patient diagnosis and treatments, and cost optimization in medical device management.

New Solar Photocatalytic Technologies for Water Purification as Support for the Implementation of Industry 4.0

The main urgent problem of humanity is related to clean water availability. Shortage of drinking water in most parts of the world has been a growing concern in recent times. This chapter will consider emerging contaminants present in the aquatic environment. The commonly present concentrations are in the range from mg/L to ng/L in wastewater, surface water, ground water, and drinking water. The challenges in wastewater and drinking water purification are dependent on the origin of the water. Solar photocatalysis is a new promising technology for the water purification. With solar, photocatalysis is possible to reduce organic contaminants present in water by using the sunlight. This chapter addresses the fundamental reaction mechanism, different type of photocatalytic nanomaterials based on TiO2, and recent developments in the reactor design for solar photocatalytic water purification from lab scale-up to large-scale application.

An Embedded Online Hydraulic Fluid CM and RUL-System for Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Machines

Production machines and devices, especially those that operate continuously in multi-shift operation or are critical for the production process, must be equipped with an intelligent condition monitoring system for critical machine components. This is the only way to ensure high availability and prevent downtimes in critical phases of the production processes, affecting customer delivery times. This has become especially important in the context of the strategy Industry 4.0, wherein information technology, telecommunications, and manufacturing are united when the means of production are becoming more independent. This also applies to hydraulic fluid, an important component of most heavy machinery. The chapter presents the design and advantages to be achieved by the implementation of a comprehensive online condition monitoring (OCM) and remaining useful lifetime (RUL) system of built-in hydraulic fluid. The presented OCM-RUL system is designed conceptually for Industry 4.0 and focuses on the remote monitoring and self-diagnosis function of health condition for the fluid.

An Ontology-Based Approach for Production Planning and Control of Cyber-Physical Production Systems

The objective of this research is to develop a new ontology-based approach for the management and control of cyber-physical production systems (CPPSs). In the CPPSs, the management and control functions are integrated with a physical part of manufacturing system. The function of production planning and control of manufacturing systems (PPC) is an important part of the management and control of the CPPSs. The elements of the cyber system structure enable the dynamic management and control of manufacturing systems in real time, through the realization of the digitalized and cybernated functions of PPC. The proposed approach to management and control of the CPPSs is based on the foundational ontology of manufacturing systems. The digitalized production planning, scheduling, and control functions are implemented as a multi-agent system (MAS). The communication between agents was addressed to support the autonomic decision for each individual agent. A case study demonstrates feasibility of the approach through the use of simulation experiments.