Increasing the corrosion resistance of turbine

The reliability of the vane apparatus of steam turbines largely determines the operation of the turbine as a whole. The results of scientific research indicate that the surface operation of the blades in the wet - steam flow is caused by a combination of corrosion and drip erosion. The presence of chemical elements and compounds in the working fluid intensifies the process of blade wear. The pH value of the working environment, which can fluctuate significantly during operation, has a significant effect on the wear characteristics. The influence of methods of strengthening the leading edges of steam turbine blades made of steel is analyzed 15Х11МФ on corrosion resistance. Corrosion tests of blade samples were carried out, the inlet edges of which were strengthened in three ways: high current amplification, electrospark alloying with T15K6 alloy, electrospark alloying with steel 15Х11МФ According to the results of the tests, the layer strengthened by hardening by high-frequency currents has the lowest corrosion rate, the layer strengthened by electrospark alloying with T15K6 hard alloy has the highest. The corrosion rate of the layer reinforced by electrospark alloying of steel 15H11MF is 2.1 less than that of the layer reinforced with T15K6 alloy.

Study of hardness and morphology of carbide coatings obtained on complex shaped steel items by electro-spark alloying

The work investigated the possibility of forming carbide coatings by electrospark alloying on steel products of complex shape. It has been established that electrospark alloying at an AC current of 1.0 to 4.5 A makes it possible to form coatings of hard carbide alloy VK6 and T15K6 characterized by microhardness up to 11.5 GPa and by hardness HRA 86.6 and 81.5 with the nitial hardness of the steel product HRA 80.3.

Особенности формирования фазового и элементного состава при электроискровом легировании ручным вибратором повышенной частоты

The phase and elemental compositions of electrospark coatings of nickel and titanium deposited on steel, nickel, and titanium, that is, coatings from TiNiMo-20 and WC92-Co8 on steel at high-frequency electrospark alloying are investigated. It is established that the material of the electrode, of the substrate, and the mode of deposition have the main impact on physical and chemical properties of the formed coatings. A positive influence of high-frequency alloying on quality indicators of the processed surfaces is shown. Both the phase and chemical analyses showed availability of the compounds considerably improving corrosion resistance of the processed surfaces. Alloying with WC92-Co8 electrodes at a high frequency makes it possible to obtain an increased content of tungsten carbide in the deposited layer.

Analysis of the Quality of Sulfomolybdenum Coatings Obtained by Electrospark Alloying Methods

The authors of this paper have attempted to improve the quality of surface layers applied to steel elements of machine parts constituting friction couples. The main goal of the research was to investigate an electrospark alloying method process for obtaining abrasion-resistant tribological coatings containing molybdenum disulfide on a steel surface. A substance in the form of sulfur ointment with a sulfur content of 33.3% was applied on the surfaces of C22 and C40 steel specimens. In order to determine the influence of the energy parameters of ESA equipment on the quality parameters of coatings, the ESA process was carried out using a molybdenum electrode with discharge energies Wp = 0.13; Wp = 0.55; Wp = 3.4 J. The following tests were carried out on specimens with such coatings: metallographic analysis, microhardness tests, surface roughness, and local X-ray diffraction microanalysis. The experiments revealed that sulfomolybdenum coatings consist of four zones with different mechanical properties. Depending on the discharge energy and the substrate material, the hardness of these zones varies from approx. 1100 to over 10,000 MPa. Differences in the distribution of, among others, sulfur and molybdenum in the obtained coatings, as well as differences in the microstructure of the observed coatings, were observed.

Investigation of the electrospark coating, alloying and strengthening technology

Introduction. The work objectives were the analysis and application of the technology of electrospark deposition of wear-resistant metal coatings on cutting tools or machine parts for their hardening or dimensional restoration.Materials and Methods. The technology, device and principle of operation of the modernized installation intended for electric spark application of wear-resistant metal coatings with composites T15K6, VK8 and VK6 are considered.Results. To determine the parameters of the upgraded electrospark alloying plant, experiments were carried out on hardening of polished samples made of steel 45 with hard alloy T15K6 with dimensions of 25×25×25 mm. As a result of using the experiment planning method, the possibility of selecting and adjusting the installation parameters was confirmed. The following parameters were selected for hardening samples made of steel 45 with hard alloy T15K6: current I = 1-2–A, voltage U = 40-75 V, capacitor bank capacity = 60–100 µF.Discussion and Conclusions. The use of carbon dioxide as a protective medium enables to increase the number of passes and, accordingly, the number of coating layers to twenty, to obtain a total thickness of up to 0.3 mm with a dense structure without oxides. Coatings of this thickness make it possible not only to strengthen, but also to restore the dimensions of worn machine parts. The parameters of the technological modes of electrospark alloying significantly affect the intensity of coating application and the quality of the resulting surface. A rise in the electrical parameters causes an increase in the intensity of each individual discharge and, within certain limits, contributes to an increase in the amount of the transferred coating material, as well as to deeper transformations of the coated surface in the discharge zone. Thus, an electrospark alloying plant equipped with monitoring and diagnostic tools, as well as with a protective gas supply system, can be used for hardening and restoring machine parts and cutting tools.

Increasing the life of the center plate-center bowl friction unit of a freight car by applying a combined coating formed by electrospark alloying

An increase in the operational reliability of friction units of railway transport by applying antifriction combined coatings formed by electrospark alloying, which ensures their greater strength and adhesion to metal, is considered. Keywords: electrospark alloying combined antifriction coating, strength, adhesion. [email protected]

Effect of Chromium Addition and Regimes during Electrospark Alloying with Aluminum Matrix Anode Material of Steel 45

Introduction. Electrospark alloying is used to produce hardening coatings. Anodic materials with unique properties include metal matrix composites based on aluminum. The aim of the work is to develop new aluminum matrix anode composite materials with high efficiency indicators during electrospark alloying of carbon steel 45. Materials and Methods. Structural carbon steel 45 was used as the substrate (cathode). Aluminum matrix materials are chosen as the anode materials. The value of the cathode weight increment and the anode erosion were determined by the gravimetric method on the Shinko Denshi HTR-220 CE electronic scale with an accuracy of ±∙10–4 g. To study the microstructure and metallography of the surface of the anode materials, the microscopes EVO-50 XVP and Altami MET 3 APO from S. ZEISS were used. The device CALOTEST CSM Instruments was used to study coatings for microabrasive wear. Results. There is developed a methodological scheme for achieving the efficiency of the electric spark alloying parameters and the properties of the doped layer depending on the composition of the anodic metal matrix composite material based on aluminum with the addition of chromium and processing modes. The mode of Institute of Materials Science electrospark installation with pulse energy of 14.4 J was set for anode material application during electrospark alloying. It is established that after electric spark alloying of steel 45, the hardness and wear resistance of the surface increase by 2-3 times, and the heat resistance ‒ by 5–18 times. Discussion and Conclusion. The series of increasing the cathode mass, the erosion resistance of the electrode materials, mass transfer coefficient, heat resistance, hardness and wear resistance of the alloyed layer are obtained. The obtained series are a convenient tool for achieving various efficiency parameters in electric spark alloying depending on the selected anode material and processing modes.