Gardens and historic homes; new directions in historic garden tourism.

This chapter focuses on historic garden tourism and the current management and development of historic gardens. Here the focus is on landscape, which is a more holistic approach to historic sites, and marks innovation in historic garden tourism. In this chapter, examples are presented of the four strategies of preservation, reconstruction, restoration, renovation; and the fifth new direction of landscape integration. A case study is presented of the Bellamy-Ferriday House & Garden in Bethlehem, Connecticut, USA.

Tourists in the garden; human health and happiness and the semiotics of garden visiting.

In this chapter the motivations of garden visiting are explored at a deeper level, into the realm of psychology and psychological drivers to gardens. This research area is called "semiotics". It is suggested that examination of the five senses would be a major indicator of semiotics as much of what a tourist experiences or displays would be recorded through the five human senses. Moreover, the five senses lead to a realization of happiness which is what tourism seeks and indeed what the human species ultimately wishes. A case study is presented of semiotics research conducted in the Queens Botanical Garden, Flushing, New York, USA. The literature that links gardens (and gardening) to human health and well-being is also reviewed.

The new media landscape.

This chapter examines the new media landscape of communities (blogging and podcasting), platforms, and social media that gardens use. Case studies are presented of the social media presence of some UK and US gardens.

New directions in gardens.

This chapter examines new directions in garden tourism by selecting seven major research, product development, and marketing innovations that have characterized gardens in the preceding seven years. They are: (1) gardens and wildlife; (2) art and gardens; (3) gardens and music; (4) Levy walk analysis and gardens; (5) plant societies and gardens; (6) sensory experiences at gardens; and (7) garden branding.

The new media landscape.

This chapter examines the new media landscape of communities (blogging and podcasting), platforms, and social media that gardens use. Case studies are presented of the social media presence of some UK and US gardens.

The effect of the coronavirus on garden tourism.

This chapter is essentially a postscript written as the effects of COVID-19 changed, so dramatically, the nature of garden operation and visitation. Much of the impact is drawn from the American Public Gardens Association (APGA) surveys of its member gardens in March (the immediate effects) and April 2020 (the results of the closure on revenue, staffing, and programs). In the final paragraphs the measures being taken to permit a (partial) reopening and the effects of the partial opening are examined. A case study is presented of Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA, after COVID-19.

Urban garden tourism.

This chapter highlights a number of urban programs related to gardens that rank as the most noteworthy of gardens' new directions in an urban milieu. New directions in garden tourism in urban areas are marked by reaching out to new audiences (where neighborhood demography is changing), community programming, local participation in decision making, attracting new ethnic audiences, and overall outreach to their own particular neighbors. Botanic gardens are also playing a lead role in the application of and education about the need for a sustainable future. Examples of urban garden initiatives in the USA, UK and New Zealand are highlighted.

Impacts of botanic gardens: economic, social, environmental, and health.

This chapter focuses on the economic impacts of gardens, presenting examples of regional economic impacts of gardens in the USA, UK and New Zealand. As important, the chapter also highlights the environmental, health, and social benefits of gardens in an era of environmental sustainability, and social justice. Case studies are presented of (1) the cultural benefits of Glenstone (USA), (2) the economic impact of the Australian Arid Lands Botanic Garden (South Australia), and (3) the Missouri Botanical Garden as a center for the study of African plants.

Future directions.

In this chapter the future of garden tourism is examined. Botanic gardens have multiple roles but principally education, environmental, and recreation, and it is under these three roles that garden tourism's future is evaluated. Case studies are presented of (1) the National Botanic Garden of Wales as a floral resource for pollinating insects; and (2) the high school botany teaching program of the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden in Coral Gables, Florida, USA.

New directions in gardens.

This chapter examines new directions in garden tourism by selecting seven major research, product development, and marketing innovations that have characterized gardens in the preceding seven years. They are: (1) gardens and wildlife; (2) art and gardens; (3) gardens and music; (4) Levy walk analysis and gardens; (5) plant societies and gardens; (6) sensory experiences at gardens; and (7) garden branding.