Digital Initiatives of the Indian Council of World Affairs' Library

This chapter attempts to unravel the journey of Sapru House library (Indian Council of World Library) from a passive manual traditional library to an active electronic library. This chapter provides insights into the traditional management of the resources and their service provision and examines the reasons for the digital initiatives and the how the challenges and obstructions were met and overridden. ICWA library is an academic library having a unique and matchless collection of bound newspapers (since1933), press clippings (since 1964) and rare books (between 1700-1900) constitute 70% of its total collection. Housing, storage, management, preservation, conservation, retrieval and dissemination were underlying reasons that inspired the author to transform this valued collection to a digital repository of knowledge. This chapter gives a detailed account of the conception of the digital initiations vis-à-vis the digital project, outlines, reports, discussions, presentations, approvals, sanctions, funding, execution, implementation and the outcome and realization of the dream.

Preservation Initiatives in E-Environment to Protect Information Assets

The libraries have been slow to commence an action to preserve scholarly journals' content. Since the appearance of e-resources and consortium, there has been serious thinking of digital preservation. There have been continued and concerted efforts for preservation of e-resources and as such digital preservation of subscribed consortium content remains a serious threat for the consortia administrators. This study investigates the global initiatives taken to ensure access to perpetuity to electronic resources.

Copyright Protection of Audio Using Biometrics

In our global community, the Internet, the issue of copyright is increasing. The International Maritime Bureau (IMB) reported over thousands of incidents this year compared to three hundred only ten years ago. Although laws and other ways have been intended to protect the rights of content developers and describe restrictions that can be placed on copying materials, pirate users always find a way to breach the protection. Base on this fact, a new method has been implemented using biometrics as it is described in the following chapters. This paper was developed taking into consideration one of the most widely used biometrics which is the fingerprint. Precisely, the aim of the system includes embedding the fingerprint into an audio file which can only be read using the fingerprint of the registered user.

Digital Preservation Challenges in Nigeria Libraries

The population consists of 172 participants that were presence at 2nd Conference of Certified Librarians by Librarians' Registration Council of Nigeria held in Abuja, 2015.The instrument used to generate data is the questionnaire and data generated was analyzed using frequency, bar charts, percentages and mean. The outcome of the study revealed that many librarians do not have training on digital preservation management despite the awareness of digital preservation challenges. The findings revealed major challenges such as hardware and software obsolesces, lack of training, lack of backup/standard, lack of strategy policy, lack of fund and lack of legal right. Recommendations were made to protect and safeguard digital preservation challenges in the libraries. Such as training and retraining of librarians on new technology/ trend in managing library digital content, software and hardware technology should be improved, Nigerian Library Association (NLA) should create a standard policy and ensure compliance by all libraries for them to enjoy increased funding. Among others.

Reconstructing Digitally Instruments and Scales in the Synchrony and Diachrony of Music

The capabilities of modern computers to visualize in a realistic and constructive manner how ancient musical instruments performed gives contemporary musicologists an unprecedented insight on how music evolved through the centuries. Collecting evidence from museological exhibits, reconstructed physical instruments from antiquity have been performing around the globe. Based on these, Computer Music scientists create virtual environments that allow experts to experiment and interface with cultural worlds that flawlessly revive the timeline of music through the centuries. Even further, computer systems can synthesize melodies based on the notation used in antiquity, providing scholars with a vivid reflection that echoes humanity's collective memory through the centuries.

Ontology

Library requires mighty technologies to support, sort and categorize information in the shortest span of time for better knowledge-tasks and decision-making. Ontology is one of the needs and adroitness which helps library users in acquiring better standardized vocabulary, better routes and better search. The chapter discusses how ontology libraries can process as a connection in modifying versatile users and diligence to reveal, judge, utilize, and disseminate the information overload. The Ontology–based Information Systems (IS) and Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) helps cognitive process of reaching a decision which are used to draw out user information and fuzzy ontologies are applied to store the accumulated knowledge.

Preservation of Database Concepts

The algorithm for the integration of classes/concepts which results in an ontology suitable for the preservation of database classes/concepts is described. It has been designed by means of original research at the boundary between mathematics, computer science and concept theory. The input conceptual graph of this algorithm is determined as a solution of a data mining problem, which has been approached as inverse mapping of conceptual database design. Similarities and differences are discussed between an algorithm formalized in concept theory, which is not suitable for implementation, and the algorithm for the integration of classes/concepts, which exploits the benefits of database notations.

Cataloging Images in Library, Archive, and Museum

This research was supposed to illustrate the process of image cataloging in a library, an archive and a museum in Oslo. In all researched places catalogers are treating the photo as a historical document. It was interesting to know whether the cataloging process is structured in sort of controlled way or no. And gathering some information around usage of hand books or thesaurus and investigating the helpful competences in work place was expected. In worth mentioning that not much research has been done in this practice. The results clarified in general prospect that there is a gap between theory and practice. International standards are not recognized as required tools for cataloging in none of the focused places. Outcomes presented that interviewees think that learning by doing is the key factor in work development. Interviewees have some creative and self-made tools which are based on experiences rather than academic background. Due to this research, there might be requirement for deeper studies in order to come up with better recommendations.

A Repository for the Storage of Web Archives

Within the web, it is possible to find an important portion of the knowledge of humankind in terms of studies and development. Preserving versions of this web content is required for future reference. File systems or databases are two main alternatives for preserving historical web content. Since databases offer a convenient way to organize and query data with respect to the file systems, they may be preferred for preserving historical web content. Thus, the goal of this chapter is to propose techniques in order to store collections of web files on a database management system. Five techniques were developed and experimentally compared in terms of performance and space. Experimental results show that the proposed techniques based on the change detection require a smaller amount of space, they are more efficient in terms of load on the database, and they have lower performance in terms of processing web file to store.

Managing Risk in the Cloud for Digital Preservation

Digital preservation is the consistent archiving of electronic assets for entry and re-use, regardless of the system and computer software options. The introduction of cloud technologies provides a stylish alternative, although preservation systems possess a solid focus on grids. Electronic preservation has turned cloud computing into the primary demand. Cloud services' use continues to rise, however many do not know how several and which cloud services is or not authorized and how they are really in use across their businesses. This kind of incomplete image of the Cloud Services in an organization prevent its capacity to satisfactorily address the hazards related to cloud solutions, including information protection, consumer privacy, dependability of essential business processes, and compliance hazards. Tycoons' involvement is necessary to shift businesses toward better cloud support knowledge as well as a trusted, structured, and foreseeable method of cloud use.